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The Road to Revolution. APUSH Mrs. Hunt. Learning Target. I will identify circumstances that led to the colonial rebellion against Great Britain and the American Revolution. I. Deep Roots. New World The new world nurtured new ideas about the nature of society
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The Road to Revolution APUSH Mrs. Hunt
Learning Target • I will identify circumstances that led to the colonial rebellion against Great Britain and the American Revolution.
I. Deep Roots • New World • The new world nurtured new ideas about the nature of society • Two new ideas began to form within the colonies • Republicanism • Radical Whigs
I. Deep Roots • New World • Republicanism • Used examples from Greece and Rome • All citizens submit self interest for the common good. • Radical Whigs • Opposed aristocracy from the beginning. • Warned citizens of a corrupt monarch who was a threat to liberty.
I. Deep Roots • New World • Distance weakened authority of the British • Salutary Neglect – British policy of ignoring or neglecting American colonies 1. Americans had grown accustomed to running their own affairs.
II. Mercantilism • Mercantilism • Great Britain truly never created any of the colonies • Eventually they began to embraced the idea of mercantilism.
II. Mercantilism • Mercantilism • What? • A country’s wealth could be measured by the amount of gold and silver it possessed. • Possessing the colonies increased the favorable balances of trade for England. • GB felt as though the colonists should provide cheap raw materials and follow the rules set forth by the British government.
III. Grievances • Colonial Problems • To enforce governmental policies, parliament began passing laws • Navigation Acts • Britain controlled all trade between the colonies and other countries • British controlled currency • Reserved the right to nullify colonial laws
III. Grievances • Merits of Mercantilism • Many made a fortune off of smuggling cheaper goods into colonies A. John Hancock became extremely wealthy smuggling cheaper goods from other countries.
IV. Stamp Act • Debt • French and Indian war left the British with a huge debt. • The British felt it was the responsibility of the colonists to pay that debt.
IV. Stamp Act • New Grievances • Sugar Act (1764) – tax (duty) on sugar • Quartering Act (1765) – colonists were required to house and feed British soldiers. • Stamp Act (1765) – Tax paid on all paper bought in the colonies • No Trial by Jury • No Taxation without Representation – colonies were not represented in the government.
IV. Stamp Act • Stamp Act Congress • First official group formed to oppose legislation passed by parliament and the king • Significant step towards intercolonial unity • Nonimportation agreements – a series of commercial restrictions adopted by colonists protest British revenue policies.
IV. Stamp Act • Sons of Liberty • Group who took the law into their own hands. • Helped to lead to the nullification of the stamp act. • Soon after the Declaratory Act was passed. A. Parliament had complete control over colonists.
V. Townshend Acts • Charley Townshend • Leader of the British ministry • Convinced Parliament to place a tax on several goods. • Colonists did not take tax seriously
VI. Boston Massacre • Unruly Colonists • King sent hundreds of troops to enforce policies and keep and eye on colonists. • British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists killing five. • Colonists called the event a massacre to sensationalize the event. • British soldiers were represented by John Adams.
VII. Committees of Correspondence • Propaganda • Committees of Correspondence – • Chief function was to spread the spirit of rebellion. • Produce propaganda to rally support for colonial rebellion. • Eventually led to the first American congresses
VIII. Problem with Tea • Tea Act • To save money, the British passed the tea act which allowed the British to ship tea without having to pay taxes.
VIII. Problem with Tea • Boston Tea Party 1. Boston Tea Party • To protest tea act and other unfair restrictions 100 members of the Sons of Liberty dressed as Natives and tossed contents of a British tea ship into the Boston Harbor. • Many colonist applauded this act, British government felt differently.
IX. Intolerable Acts • Punishment • As a punishment, parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, focusing on Massachusetts. • Boston Port Act – closed Boston Harbor • Restrictions were placed upon town meetings • Quartering Act strictly enforced • Quebec Act – extended the border of Quebec.
X. Bloodshed • Continental Congress • Other colonies rallied around Boston. • Delegates met at the 1st Continental Congress • How to address grievances • Declaration of Rights • The Association • Did not call for independence, wanted parliament to reconsider
X. Bloodshed • Lexington and Concord • King George responded with attach upon colonists at Lexington and Concord. • This event is known as the “shot heard round the world” the first shot of the American Revolution.
XI. Strengths and Weaknesses • Great Britain • Strengths • Most powerful army in the world • Money (in GB) • Supplies (in GB) • Weaknesses • Brits felt sympathy for American Cousins • Second rate generals in the colonies • Distance from home
XI. Strengths and Weaknesses • Americans • Strengths • Outstanding leadership • Guerilla Warfare – using environment to your advantage. • Weaknesses • Economic difficulty • Disunity • Outnumbered.