Agile MBSE for Industry 4.0 with OPM ISO 19450 Using OPCloud

1. Welcome to the Webinar – if you have not dialed into the audio portion, please do so now. In the U.S., dial 1-855-747-8824, passcode 4348124177. If you are outside the U.S., the webinar invitation includes a list of toll-free numbers for different countries. Please note that your phone is automatically on mute when you join to avoid disturbing other participants. INCOSE Webinar Series Wednesday 19th December 2018 – Webinar 119 Agile MBSE For Industry 4.0 with OPM ISO 19450 Using OPCloud Professor Dov Dori 1

2. INCOSE is offering Webinars… • To provide a forum for experts in the field of Systems Engineering to present information on the “State of the Art” • To explain how INCOSE works, and how to make the most out of INCOSE membership 2

3. INCOSE Systems Engineering Professional PDU Credit Please note that you can claim 1PDU credit towards your Systems Engineering Professional re-certification by attending this webinar. INCOSE webinars may also apply to the PDU requirements of other organizations, depending on the subject matter To qualify, you must have attended through at least 75% of the webinar for webinars that last less than one hour, or through 45 minutes of the webinar for webinars that last for 1 hour or longer. Here is the link to details about certification renewal, including information on PDUs.  http://www.incose.org/certification/CertProcess/CertRenew 3

4. Choreography • Andy Pickard (your host) will introduce the Webinar and the speaker • Dov will speak for about 40 to 45 minutes • During his talk, participants can write questions using the Webex Q&A window • After Dov completes his talk, he will spend 10 minutes answering questions that Andy selects from those submitted by the audience • Andy Pickard will provide information about upcoming Webinars and then end this session • This Webinar is being recorded and will be made available on the INCOSE website to members and employees of CAB organizations 4

5. Agile MBSE for Industry 4.0 with OPM ISO 19450 Using OPCloud Dov Dori Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology INCOSE Webinar 119 19 Dec. 2018

6. Technologies involved in Industry 4.0 SOFTWARE HARDWARE SmartRobotics SmartManufacturing DataCapture (sensors) and analytics DigitalFabrication (3DPrinting…) CloudComputing inComputer Farms Location & navigationservices SmartPhones Internet of Things PhysicalandDigital Twins AutonomousTransportation Industry 4.0 is the ultimate blend of hardware and software Industry 4.0 mixes hardware and software to the extent that they are inseparable!

7. Industry 4.0 calls for concurrent digitized integration of the vertical and horizontal value chains VERTICAL VALUE CHAIN HORIZONTAL VALUE CHAIN Manufacturing Execution System (MES) Shop Floor Control Supply Chain Management (SCM) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Here too, hardware and software are extremely mixed! (And here, the increase in the level of complexity is in the order of M times N, with M and N being the lengths of the vertical and horizontal chains) Customer Relationships Management (CRM)

8. The Industry 4.0 Hardware-Software blend is inseparable! HARDWARESOFTWARE “seamless link” is the key!

9. What are the implications of this ultimate hardware-software fusion on the future of SE in general and MBSE in particular? What does SE need in order to remain relevant and drive the Industry 4.0 vision forward? We must use a language and a methodology that cater to modeling and architecting systems with the Industry 4.0 hardware-software fusion paradigm mindset! But you may rightly ask: “Wait a minute – What about UML and SysML?”

10. Software-focus vs. hardware-focus SOFTWAREHARDWARE Where is the integration??? SOFTWARE FOCUS HARDWARE FOCUS

11. X” “ Is SysML V2 going to solve the Hardware-Software divide? Unlikely!

12. What does MBSE need to be agile and ready for Industry 4.0? A conceptual modeling language and methodology with the following characteristics: • Capable of modeling complex systems of any kind: • Technological systems, involving hardware & software • Natural systems • Socio-technical systems • Any combination of the above (and “systems-of-systems”) • Treats hardware and software on equal footing • Represents in the same and single kind of diagram the three system aspects: • Function • Structure • Behavior • Includes human in the loop

13. What else does such a language must be or do? • Based on a sound universal minimal ontology that applies to both kinds of things (objects and processes) • Physical, tangible, material, concrete • Informatical, abstract, logical, mental • Cater to humans’ dual channel processing: • visual – use formal yet intuitive graphics • textual – use any natural language that the modeler feels comfortable with • Manage system complexity in a methodical way • Executable, amenable to simulation • Animated simulation for human comprehension and testing • Offline simulation for statistical analysis of system performance • Easy to learn and apply for agile MBSE

14. Sounds too good to be true?

15. OPM – Object-Process Methodology • A language and methodology for modeling complex systems of any kind • Recognized as ISO 19450 • Based on the minimal universal ontology of • stateful objects • processes that transform objects by: • Creating new objects • Consuming existing ones, or • Changing their states

16. OPM – Highlights • Bi-modal visual-textual presentation: • OPD – Object-Process Diagram • OPL – Object-Process Language • Complexity management: • Things – objects and processes – can be refined to any desired level of detail • Via refinement-abstraction mechanisms: • In-zooming – Out-zooming (primarily for processes) • Unfolding – Folding (primarily for objects) • Expressing – Suppressing (for states)

17. OPM – More Highlights • Executable: • Objects can be computational (numbers, parameters) • Processes can perform math and embed code • The model can be seamlessly and concurrently executed both • conceptually-qualitatively and • concretely-qualitatively • In two modes: • Online live graphic mode: animation for visualization & debugging • Offline batch mode: numeric simulation for big data, statistical analysis

18. 2015: OPM becomes ISO 19450

19. OPM = OPD + OPL OPD - Object Process Diagram OPL - Object Process Language Bimodal graphics-text representation caters to dual channel processing

20. https://www.opcloud.tech/ OPCloud

21. OPCloud main features

22. Where is OPM used? • Automotive industry • Aviation industry • White appliances industry • Energy sector • Insurance sector • Molecular biology • Space agencies

23. OPM Theoretical Foundation UniversalOntology Let’s get to it via asking Socratic Questions

24. Ontology & Universal Ontology healthcare military banking industry Ontology: a set of concepts and relations for describing a domain and systems within it. Universal Ontology: botany a domain-independent set of concepts and relations for describing systems in the universe, both natural and man-made.

25. Fundamental question 1:What is needed to describetheuniverse and systems in it? Answer: Things and relations among them.

26. Question 2:Whatis a thing or what can it do? Answer: A things can either exist at some point in time or happen overtime Thing 1 and Thing 2 exist. Running of Thing 1 and Thing 2 happens. • Any thing can either existorhappen– nothing else; • Every thing can be classified into one of these two!

27. Question 3:What are the things that existin the world? Satellite Poem Answer: Objectsexist. They are static – time independent. (syntactically: nouns) Number Tree House Meteorite

28. Question 4:What are the things that happenin the world? Crashing Answer: Processes happen. They are dynamic – time dependent. (syntactically: verbs in gerund form: “…ing”) Baking Fighting Launching

29. Question 5: Whom do processes happen to? Processes do not happen in vacuum! Answer: Processes happen to objects.

30. Question 6: What does a process do when it happens to an object? Answer: The process transformsthe Object. T I M E

31. Only two OPM Things: ObjectsandProcesses Object: A thing that exists or might exist physically or informatically. Process: A thing that transforms or might transform one or more objects.

32. The Object-Process Theorem Statefulobjects, processes,and relations among them constitute a universal ontology. Caveat: May not apply to quantum-scale systems(e.g., an electron may be both an object and a process) 2017-8

33. processes transformobjects.Question 7: In what three ways does a process transform an object? • creating anobject • destroying anobject • affecting anobject. • Answer: Generation Consumption Effect

34. The first kind of transforming: Generation The process can create the object

35. The second kind of transforming: Consumption The process can consume the object

36. Question 8:How does a process affect an object? The third kind of transforming: Effect The process can affect the object • Answer: • Aprocessaffects an objectbychanging its state. • Hence,objectsmust be stateful –they must have states.

37. State: A situation an object can be at during its lifetime. At each point in time, the object is • at one of its states, or • in transition from an input state – the input to the affecting process • to its output state – the output of that process

38. State transitions example

39. The graphics-text equivalence OPM principle Any model fact expressed graphically in an OPD is also expressed textually in the corresponding OPL paragraph. Each modality is reconstructible from the other. This bimodal representation caters to the dual channel cognitive assumption (Mayer, 2010)

40. Question 9: What are the two major aspects of any system? • Structure – the static aspect: What the system is made of. • Objects and relations among them • Time-independent • Behavior – the dynamic aspect: How the system changes over time. • Processes and how they transform objects • Time-dependent • Timeis the discriminating factor! 2017-8

41. Question 10: What third aspect is specific to human-made systems? • Function– the utilitarian, subjective, benefit-providing aspect: • Why is the system built? • Forwhom is the system built? • Who benefits from operating the system? • Function can be defined as any pair of process and its operand • e.g., BatteryCharging; BloodPumping • Natural systems may be beneficial or detrimental...

42. Complexity Management with OPM Systems are inherently complex. To alleviate this complexity, in OPM, it is managed by detail decomposition through three refinement-abstraction: In-zooming – Out-zooming Unfolding – Folding State expression – suppression.

43. In-zooming – Out-zooming ExampleProcess Performance Controlling- a metamodel from ISO 19450 • All the OPDs, at any detail level, are self-similar. • They contain only stateful objects, processes, and relations.

44. OPM Complexity Management Benefits There is no limit on the level of complexity of the system being modeled: One can specify system structure and behavior at any level of detail by recursively in-zooming. Catering to the cognitive limited capacity: Each diagram is not overly complicated. All the diagrams are “aware” of each other: All OPDs are partial views of the same system. Any change in one diagram is propagated to all the other relevant ones. All OPDs, regardless of the level of detail, are self-similar: They all use the same compact universal ontology

45. OPM Resources • Book (2002): Object-Process Methodology - A Holistic Systems Paradigm, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 2002. • Book (2016):Model-Based Systems Engineering with OPM and SysML, Springer, New York. • ISO Standard:ISO 19450 OPM • edX Course:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZhEreXtu0k • Website:Enterprise Systems Modeling Laboratory contains • journal & conference papers, • free OPCAT software, upcoming OPCloud • presentations • projects • more... • OPCloud:https://www.opcloud.tech/

46. Thank you for attending!dori@technion.ac.ildori@mit.edu Visit our Lab site; Download OPCAT freehttp://esml.iem.technion.ac.il/ Experience OPCloud, Cloud-based OPM modeling:https://www.opcloud.tech/ Join the growing OPM community Here https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?SUBED1=OPM&A=1

47. Upcoming Webinars (tentative schedule) Invitations will be emailed in advance and informational updates will be placed on www.incose.org Go to http://www.incose.org/products-and-publications/webinars for more info on the webinar series, including a way to view the last 118 Webinars and soon – this one! Information on the webinars is now being posted in INCOSE Connect, in the INCOSE Library area, at https://connect.incose.org/Library/Webinars/Pages/INCOSE-Webinars.aspx . Joining instructions will added around two weeks before the webinar is scheduled to take place.

48. INCOSE International Workshop 2019 When/Where 26 – 29 January 2019 Torrance Marriott, Redondo Beach, California 3635 Fashion Way Torrance CA 90503 https://www.incose.org/iw2019/home

49. INCOSE Systems Engineering Professional PDU Credit Please note that you can claim 1PDU credit towards your Systems Engineering Professional re-certification by attending this webinar. The webinars may also apply to the PDU requirements of other organizations, depending on the subject matter To qualify, you must have attended through at least 75% of the webinar for webinars that last less than one hour, or through 45 minutes of the webinar for webinars that last for 1 hour or longer. You can also claim credit for previous webinars you have attended; please contact info@incose.org if you wish to know which webinars you attended and if you met the qualification requirements

50. Two Complementary Proofs forObject-Process Theorem:1. Theoretical, based on logic and set theory2. Empirical, based on many examples from many domains; no counter example found