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Taxonomy

Taxonomy. Taxonomy. Carl von Linnaeus Physician & Botanist Classified into 3 kingdoms Plants Animals Fungi. Created uniform naming system - binomial nomenclature - Homo sapiens - Canis lupus familiaris (domestic dog) History of Taxonomy. Carl von Linnaeus.

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Taxonomy

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  1. Taxonomy

  2. Taxonomy Carl von Linnaeus • Physician & Botanist • Classified into 3 kingdoms • Plants • Animals • Fungi

  3. Created uniform naming system - binomial nomenclature - Homo sapiens - Canis lupus familiaris (domestic dog) History of Taxonomy Carl von Linnaeus

  4. 5 Kingdoms of Classification • Monera – one-cell, no organized nucleus (bacteria) • Protista – one-cell, organized nucleus (amoeba) • Fungi – multi-cellular, feed on decay, (mushrooms) • Plantae – all require sunlight (Azalea) • Animalia – ingest nutrients (dog)

  5. Monera (bacteria) Protista Fungus

  6. Plants Animals

  7. Classification and Naming of Living Things Review

  8. Characteristics Used to Classify Organisms

  9. Unicellular vs. Multi-cellular Are they …… • Unicellular • one cell • Multi-cellular • many cells

  10. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Are they….. • Prokaryotic – • no membrane bound nucleus (Monera) • Eukaryotic • membrane bound nucleus (Protista) • Pro’s have no; Eu’s do

  11. Symmetry Do they have . . . . • Bilateral Symmetry • each half a mirror image • all mammals • Radial Symmetry • parts arranged around central point • star fish; most plants

  12. Symmetry • Asymmetrical • not symmetrical • fiddler crabs

  13. Coelomates vs. Acoelomates Are they . . . . • Acoelomates – not have hollow body cavity • Flat worms • Coelomates – have hollow body cavity • Earthworm • Humans

  14. Segmentation Are they . . . • Segmented – • humans • insects • Non-segmented • worms

  15. HomeothermvsPoikilotherm Are they . . . • Homeotherms – warm blooded; constant body temp • Mammals • Birds • Poikilotherm – cold blooded; body temp same as environment • Reptiles • Amphibians • Most fish

  16. Motile vs. Sessile Are they . . . • Motile – capable of moving • Sessile – not capable of moving

  17. Vertebrates vs. Invertebrates Are they . . . • Vertebrates – backbone • Mammals • Birds • Fish • Invertebrates – no backbone • Jellyfish • Snails • Insects

  18. Open vs Closed Circulatory System Do they have . . . • Open – no true heart or blood vessels • Insects • Mollusks • Invertebrates • Closed – blood vessels • Vertebrates • Types of Circulatory Systems

  19. Sexual vs Asexual • Asexual • Budding, fission • Produces identical offspring to parent • Sexual • Male and female gametes unite • Produces characteristics from both parents

  20. Internal vs. External Fertilization • Internal • Sperm and egg unite inside the female • External • Female lays eggs • Male fertilizes

  21. Feeding • Carnivore – meat only • Herbivore – plants only • Omnivore – both

  22. Autotrophs can make their own food photosynthetic plants and chemosynthetic organisms. Heterotrophs cannot make their own food undergo cellular respiration Autorophic/Heterotrophic

  23. King Phillip Suddenly Came Over For Ginger Snaps Kingdom Phylum Subphylum Class Order Family Genus Species Categories of Classification

  24. Classification of Humans

  25. Kingdom: Animalia

  26. Phylum: Chordata • nerve cord • bundle of nerves • run length of the body • notochord • cartilaginous rod to support nerve cord • gill slits • tail

  27. Subphylum: Vertebrata • cartilaginous or bony backbone • show segmentation • closed circulatory system • appendages

  28. Class: Mammalia • Mammary glands - feeds young • males and females have them (males inactive) • Skin with hair • Homeothermic • Live Birth • Taxonomic Review

  29. Order: Primates • Stand upright • Have opposable thumbs • Flattened noses / not snouts • Nails, not claws • eye sockets face forward (binocular vision)

  30. Family: Hominidae • Chimps, gorillas, orangutans, humans • Share > 97% DNA with humans • Complex social behaviors

  31. Genus: Homo • means “fully human” • appeared about 2 million years ago • Differences • diet and way they obtain their food • Smaller face and teeth • Longer bipedal strides

  32. Species: Sapiens • modern man • longer legs, leaner bodies • first to use tools • hunter/gatherers as opposed to scavengers • use language

  33. Kingdom = Animalia Phylum = Chordata Subphylum = Vertebrata Class = Mammalia Order = Primate Family = Hominidae Genus = Homo Species = Sapiens HUMAN CLASSIFICATION

  34. Spider Monkey Dog Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Chordata Class – Mammal Order – Carnivora Family – Canidae Genus – Canis Species – Lupus Familiaris Canis lupus familiaris • Kingdom – Animalia • Phylum – Chordata • Class – Mammal • Order – Primate • Family – Atelidae • Genus – Ateles • Species – Geoffroyi Atelesgeoffroyi

  35. Binomial Nomenclature Genus and Species Capitalize the genus Lower case the species Underline or italicize both Homo sapien or Homo sapien Canis familiaris Canis lupus Felis leo Felis domesticus Scientific Name

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