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GE Consumer & Industrial People protection devices Jorge Vallejo

GE Consumer & Industrial People protection devices Jorge Vallejo. RCCB 2P, 4P. RCBO 1P+N. RCBO 1P+N 1module. People protection devices against electric shock. RCCB ,- Residual Current Circuit Breaker Protects people

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GE Consumer & Industrial People protection devices Jorge Vallejo

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  1. GE Consumer & Industrial People protection devices Jorge Vallejo

  2. RCCB 2P, 4P RCBO 1P+N RCBO 1P+N 1module People protection devices against electric shock RCCB,- Residual Current Circuit Breaker Protects people RCBO,- Residual Current Circuit Breaker with overcurrent protection Protects people and lines

  3. RCD working principle . The RCD monitors constantly the vectorial sum of the current passing through all the conductors. In normal conditions the vectorial sum is zero (I1+I2=0) but in case of an earth fault, the vectorial sum differs from zero (I1+I2=Id), this is causing the actuation of the relay and therefore the release of the main contacts.

  4. RCD’s classification according to AS/NZS 3175/61009(IEC61008/61009) RCD’s may be classified according to: The behavior in presence of dc current (types for general use). - Type AC - Type A The time-delay (in presence of residual current) - RCD’s without time delay: type for general use - RCD’s with time delay: type S for selectivity

  5. Tripping characteristic Type AC. Release with sinusoidal currents which occur suddenly or slowly rise in magnitude.

  6. Tripping characteristic Type A. Release with sinusoidal currents and also with pulsanting direct current which occur suddenly or slowly rise in magnitude

  7. Tripping characteristic Type S (type A). Time delay release with sinusoidal currents and also with pulsanting direct current which occur suddenly or slowly rise in magnitude

  8. (A) (B) Tripping characteristic • Selectivity • Selectivity is ensured when the characteristic time/current of the upstream RCD (A) is above the characteristic time /current of the downstream RCD (B). To obtain vertical selectivity it shall be taken into consideration the following parameters: • The reaction time of the upstream RCD is longer than total opening time of the downstream device • The residual operating current of the RCCB installed downstream shall have a lower residual operating current than the RCD installed upstream according to: • I∆n downstream< I∆n upstream/3

  9. Tripping characteristic Tripping curve acc to AS/NZS 3175/61009 Tripping curve GE RCD’s Modular RCD has fix trip time and residual current Record Plus RCD has setting area for trip time (0-600 ms) and residual current (0,03A-10A) For RCD’s with same residual current values

  10. How to react in case of RCD tripping RCD Trips Switch on the RCD Y N Is it possible to switch on the RCD? Nuisance trip Switch off all MCB’s Y N Switch on all MCB’s one by one until RCD trips, then unplug all loads of that circuit Is it possible to switch on the RCD? Disconnect out going cables N Is it possible to switch on the RCD? Y Faulty RCD Is it possible to switch on the RCD? Switch on all loads one by one until RCD trips, when RCD tripping is a faulty load Y N Isolation problem in connection between MCB’s & RCD Isolation problem in cables

  11. Nuisance tripping Electric equipment is incorporating more and more electronic components which causes nuisance tripping to the conventional 30mA RCD’s type A or AC (always in the most critical moment like weekends, areas with no people presence…) due to overvoltages or high frequency currents produced by atmospheric disturbances, lighting equipment (electronic balasters), computers, appliances, connections to long cables which induce a high capacity to ground, etc. To avoid nuisance tripping GE has developed RCD’s with reinforced immunity¡¡¡

  12. What a RCD with reinforced immunity does? Avoids nuisance tripping Transient earth leakages No service interruption Overvoltages. Avoids danger of non trip Extra safety High frequency earth leakages.

  13. e Transient earth leakages. Earth leakages in an installation may vary the voltage in the neutral conductor. In reallity appliances and electrical devices may have earth leakages greater than that permitted by the standards (maximum 1 mA) because the standards are not considering the currents in the noise filter of the earth conductor (PE) as earth leakages.

  14. How to solve nuisance tripping due to transient earth leakages To avoid this problems it must be considered that the sum of all earth leakages shall not exceed 1/3 of the RCD rated residual current since any disturbance in the line can trip the RCD. This requirement is reducing the posibilities of using one RCD in installations with several circuits.

  15. Overvoltages. Most of the overvoltages are due to atmospherical disturbances or switching on/off lighting equipments or electrical devices.

  16. How to solve nuisance tripping due to overvoltages By using RCD with the an immunity against current surges. RCD type A and AC have a high level of immunity to transiet currents 8/20 ms (EN61008/9) up to 250A due to overvoltages . RCD type Ai have a high level of immunity to transiet currents 8/20ms (EN61008/9) up to 3000A. RCD type Si have a high level of immunity to transiet currents 8/20ms (EN61008/9) up to 5000A. While switching on/off equipments with capacitive nature RCD have a high level of immunity against alternating currents of high frequency 0,5ms/100 kHz (EN61008/9) up to 200A.

  17. High frequency earth leakages. Variable speed drivers for motors, static soft starters, electronic ballasts may generate earth leakages of docens of kHz. It is well known that high frequency currents are less dangerous than the ones at 50/60Hz, for this reason high current peaks may be accepted in the installation. In the other hand safety must be ensured in case of a current 50/60 Hz overlaped with a high frequency one.

  18. How to solve nuisance tripping due to high frequency earth leakages By using RCD with reinforced immunity,…………...

  19. Working concept Type AC Type A 17 winding 6+5 winding Filter for nuisance tripping 8/20 ms 250A, 0,5ms/100 kHz 200A Rectifier pulsanting current cave Disconnector Disconnectorr Filter for nuisance tripping 8/20 ms 250A, 0,5ms/100 kHz 200A

  20. Working concept Type Ai-Si 400 winding Filter for nuisance tripping 8/20 ms 3000A, 0,5ms/100 kHz 200A Calibration adjustment Rectifier pulsanting current wave Tripping time setting Level detector disconnector Energy acumulator, high frequency filter and tripping signal

  21. RCD reinforced immunity Ai, Si • Applications: • Commercial (computers, lighting with electronic balasters) • Industrial (Variable speed drivers for motors, static soft starters) BPSi Example: Office with 20 computers and printers installation with a permanent 20mA earth leakage and 30mA RCD. In case of standard RCD type A or AC the relay is permanently working therefore it will trip at any net perturbance. In case of Type Ai the relay is not working untill it receives the tripping signal then is much more stable device. BPAi VAT2000

  22. RCD Reconnection System RCD roconnection: Nuisance tripping of RCD due to storms or transient earth leakage can create large economical losses due to power supply interruption. RCD +Tele MP+ CA+RRC0 Surge arrester SG • Applications: • Antenna for mobile telephone. • Radio communications. • Greenhouses, farms • Medical equipments (magnetic resonance) G60/100

  23. Electromechanical vs Electronic RCD’s • Electromagnetic • Voltage independent device.Operates at any voltage. • Electronic • Voltage dependent device (minimum operating voltage 100V~). • There are three safety categories: • Open automatically in case of supply failure. • Not open automatically in case of supply failure. The normal operation is ensured when the energy for tripping is available at least to supply terminals (P-P or P-N). • With functional earth connection (FE), not open automatically in case of supply failure (either loss of Phase or/and Neutral) but able to provide protection in case of Neutral or FE loss.

  24. GE Electromechanical RCD technology High performance magnetic materials (transformer & tripping relay). Transformer High permeability alloys with low remanence and large flux density swing is preferred by GE to be used for high metering accuracy current transformer core needed for a perfect marriage with the relay. Tripping relay This is the heart of the RCD and ensures a long life functioning, manufactured in a clean room under special atmosphere conditions to ensure there is no contamination inside the relay while functioning. 1 million relays consumption equal to 1 low consumption bulb (20W)¡¡¡

  25. The relay In order to protect the installation regardless of the supply condition the electromagnetic RCD must be able to operate on the energy of the fault current alone = Intrinsically safe device. Since such energy is typically too small to operate the release of a set of contacts pressed together with several kilograms contact pressure a solution based on the storage and controlled release of mechanical energy is adopted.

  26. The relay Mechanical energy is stored in a loaded spring by means of a precisely adjusted magnetic sticking force. MAGNETIC FORCE SPRING TENSION N S The energy in the spring is released by a low current generating a magnetic field counteracting that of the permanent magnet.

  27. The relay Very demanding specifications on the parts to obtain a repeatable and reliable behavior from the relay: - Mechanical and magnetic properties for the materials used. - Tolerances for flatness and rugosity at the air gaps of magnetic circuit that are measured in fractions of microns. - Cleanness of parts to avoid malfunction. - Tight tolerances on plastic case closing to ensure protection against external contaminants. POOR flatness and rugosity over 1 um GOOD flatness and rugosity under 1 um

  28. The relay Final quality ensured by: - Close cooperation with the leading magnetic material suppliers. - Automated cleaning of parts with proprietary process. - Clean room conditions for parts manipulation and assembly. - Manufacturing process continuous monitoring: Dimensional, electrical,magnetic & mechanical parameters controlled through SPC and/or automated 100% inspection.

  29. The risks of a low quality relay: - Presence of contamination leads to unstability of the device trip current (Trip current too high, nuisance tripping…) - Corrosion spots appearing around dirty areas, damaged areas or on poorly finished materials can cause sticking of moving parts (Trip current too high, no trip!). Metallic particles presence in air gap Plastic particles presence in air gap of size under 100 micron as root cause of unstability Corrosion spots in air gap appearing on poorly finished or unprotected materials.

  30. The PCB GE Electronic RCD technology GE has chosen the safest category for it RCD’s “with functional earth connection (FE)” The secondary output is fed across an amplifier to provide a stronger signal to the tripping coil. This performance is provided thanks to the high technology used in our PCB and the transformer. GE PCB Other PCB’s

  31. Where is the RCD technology going to? Safety & reliability • Type B: Universal RCD to detect smooth DC, pulsanting DC and AC earth leakage currents • Applications • Installations with a high level electronic components as: • UPS (Uninterrupted Power System). • Converters AC/AC or AC/AC (Elevators, variable speed drivers...). Fail safe RCD Fail safe RCD is a new generation of people protection devices that intends to increase the reliability of the actual RCD disconnection to 100% at any time or any installation conditions.

  32. Key Features Safety Safety terminals to avoid connection mistakes Contact position indicator Quality of the terminals • 5 Nm Torque • 50 mm2 terminals • 2 X 25 mm2 ( rigid )

  33. Key Features Safety Official recognition from most world’s prestigious approval bodies

  34. Key Features Easy to install & use Connectivity Full terminals compatibility RCD-MCB Top & Bottom terminals Turning the base Bus-bar pass through in extensions…… Complete freedom of installation !

  35. Key Features Functionality Same extensions for whole family No need of auxiliary interface Top stack-on performances

  36. www.gepowercontrols.com

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