BIOL 334: Microbiology & Immunology

1. BIOL 334: Microbiology & Immunology Welcome to the World of Microbiology Chapter 1: Humans & the Microbial World 08/25/06

2. Reminders: • Labs meet next week. • Read the chapter 1! • Lab section 10 listed TBA meets Thursdays: 6-8:50 PM. • Instructor is Miss Andrea Barham. • Drop/Add- begins @ 1 PM. • If trying to add the course, you may want to wait until drops occur!

3. Questions! • What is Microbiology? • How would you describe a microorganism to someone who had never heard of one? • How is Microbiology Important? • How is it important to society? • How does it impact your own life?

4. What is Microbiology? • The study of organisms which individually, are usually too small to be seen by the unaided eye- • Microbes or Microorganisms! • Who are the Microbes?

5. Prokaryotic (vs) Eukaryotic Fig. 1.12, p. 14

6. 1. Prokaryotic 2. Archaea & Bacteria Fig 1.5 from 3rd ed Escherichia coli Methanobacterium foricum I. bacteria: Characteristics

7. 3. Numerous shapes & sizes (Avge: 0.3 – 5 mm). Fig. 1.5, p. 9, 4th edition

8. Are all prokaryotes small & Eukaryotic cells large? Fig. 1, 2, & 3, Perspective on P. 15 Thiomargarita namibiensis Nanoarchaeum equitans Ignicoccus sp

9. 4. Generally carry a specialized Cell Wall. • 5. Binary Fission. • 6. Many can be motile • appendages such as flagella. Escherichia coli

10. Eukaryotic Organisms in Microbiology:

11. Protozoans: • Unicellular (single celled). • Motile • Sexual or Asexual Reproduction Fig. 1.8, p. 11

12. Algae Fungi unicellular / multicellular

13. Multicellular Parasites • Helminths • Round worms • Flatworms • Flukes

14. Viruses: • “On the threshold of living & dead” • Host Cell • Composition: Fig. 1.9, p.12

15. PSTV= RNA from a viroid. • T7 DNA is from a bacteriophage (virus).

16. Scrapie infected hamster Prions from PT with Creutzfeldt Jacob disease. Prions: Similar to fig. 1.11, p. 13

17. "Life on earth would would cease to exist without microbes" How are microbes important? How is Microbiology important to society? How does it impact your own life?

18. Recycling of Vital Elements: Soil microbiology & biogeochemical cycles: • C, N, O, & S: • ~9,750,000 bacteria / g soil. Azotobacter & Clostridium

19. Biosphere 2 http://www.bio2.com/index.html

20. Applied & Industrial Microbiology • 1. Sewage Treatment

21. 2. Bioremediation Exon Valdez oil spill Fig. 31-11, p.791

22. BACTERIA Achromobbacter Acinetobacter Actinomyces Aeromonas Alcaligenes Arthrobacter Bacillus Beneckea Brevebacterium Coryneforms Erwinia Flavobacterium Klebsiella FUNGI Aspergillus Candida Cephaiosporium Cladosporium Cunninghamella Fusarium Gonytrichum Hansenula Mucor Oidiodendrum Penicillium Saccharomyces Trichosporon Trichoderma Major Genera of Oil-Degrading Bacteria & Fungi • Lactobacillus • Moraxella • Nocardia • Pseudomonas • Sarcina • Spirillum • Streptomyces • Scopulariopsis • Vibrio http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/2094/bioremed.html#Microbes

23. Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering. • Agriculture: Insect Pest Control- Transgenic plants Fig. 1.2, p. 6-

24. Bacillus thuringiensis- • CryA toxin-

25. Food Microbiology:

26. How does Microbiology Impact Society & You?…

27. C. Medical Microbiology: • Infectious disease impacts our society shaping us sociologically & economically! • Black Death- 1347-1351 • HIV

28. CDC West Nile Virus Homepage

29. An electron micrograph shows a cluster of bacteria, Bacillus anthracis, in a capillary of a lung. The bacteria cause anthrax, a disease in humans and animals that can result in death. Anthrax can be cured when treated early with antibiotics.A.B. Dowsett/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.