Families of Elements

1. Families of Elements Section 3.3

3. Major Classifications • Metals • Shiny solids • Easy to stretch and shape • Good conductors of heat and electricity • Usually form CATIONS • Semiconductors • Intermediate conductors of heat and electricity • Usually form CATIONS • Nonmetals • Solids, liquids, or gases • Solids are usually dull and brittle • Poor conductors of heat and electricity • Usually form ANIONS

5. Alkali Metals

6. Alkali Metals • Group 1 (first vertical column) • All are relatively soft metals • All are highly reactive (explode in water) • All have one valence electron (one electron in their outer shell) • All form cations with a +1 charge when they lose that valence electron

7. Alkaline Earth Metals

8. Alkaline Earth Metals • Group 2 (second vertical column) • All are reactive, but less-reactive than Alkali metals • All have two valence electrons (two electrons in their outer shell) • All form cations with a +2 charge when they lose those valence electrons

9. Transition Metals

10. Transition Metals • Groups 3 to 12 • Much less reactive than Alkali Metals or Alkaline Earth Metals • Some have different numbers of valence electrons • All form cations • Many different cations are possible for any one element (Au+, Au3+)

11. Halogens

12. Halogens • Group 17 • Highly reactive, especially with alkali metals • Range from gas to liquid to solid as you move down the column • All form diatomic molecules (like Cl2) • All form anions with a charge of -1.

13. Noble Gases

14. Noble Gases • Group 18 • All are inert, or unreactive • All are gases • All have full valence electron shells • Most do not form cations or anions, but remain as atoms.