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Inter-Vehicle Communication Systems: A Survey

Inter-Vehicle Communication Systems: A Survey. A summary. Table of Contents. Taxonomy of Communication Systems Applications Physical layer MAC layer Routing layer Transport layer Performance modeling Conclusions. Taxonomy of Communication Systems.

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Inter-Vehicle Communication Systems: A Survey

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  1. Inter-Vehicle Communication Systems: A Survey A summary

  2. Table of Contents Taxonomy of Communication Systems Applications Physical layer MAC layer Routing layer Transport layer Performance modeling Conclusions

  3. Taxonomy of Communication Systems Inter-vehicle Communication Systems (IVC) Single-hop (SIVC) Multi-hop (MIVC) Roadside-to-vehicle Communication Systems (RVC) Sparse RVC (SRVC) Ubiquitous RVC (URVC) Hybrid Vehicle Communication Systems (HVC)

  4. MANET vs. VANET

  5. Applications Public Safety Applications: Potential of reducing number of accidents Implemented using MIVC, URVC or SRVC Time constrained Traffic Management Applications: Traffic flow improvement Traffic monitoring, traffic light scheduling, notification of emergency vehicles Traffic Coordination and Assistance: Platooning, Passing and lane change

  6. ApplicationsContinued Traveler information support Local information updates (e.g. roadmap updates) Road warnings (e.g. road condition) SRVC Not impacted by penetration Comfort applications Voice, instance messaging Internet Collect road tolls or parking fees

  7. Short-ranged Communication Technologies Radar communication 60 GHz Line of sight Can also be used for ranging Ultra-wideband communication Potential for high bandwidth (@short distances) Optical communication Line of sight Can also be used for ranging

  8. Network access Needed due to the broadcast nature of wireless communication systems. IEEE 802.11p and DSRC IEEE 802.11 is widely used technology, so: Cheap Implemented in many simulators IEEE 802.11b is popular for research Desirable properties IEEE 802.11p is like 802.11a @ 5.9GHz High bit error rate (BER) IEEE 802.11 disadvantages Not designed for Ad-Hoc networks

  9. Network access Bluetooth Designed to eliminate the need for low-data-rate wired connections Most common, the nodes form piconets up to 8 nodes Disadvantages: Piconets are hard to maintain in dynamic IVCs Formation of piconets may take between 7 and 45 seconds Transmission range is between 1 and 100 meter

  10. Cellular technology Suitable for use outside major cities and highways However, not designed for simultaneous use by many users The challenge lies adapting the technology to ensure: Tide time synchronization Power control Decentralized resource management scheme IEEE 802.11b vs. UTRA-TDD: IEEE 802.11b works reasonably well in highway situations but is practically unusable in cities UTRA-TDD works well in both highway and city situations

  11. Other access schemes V-PEACE MAC Uses the (assumed) unique location of vehicles to assign slots The idea is also used to assign CDMA codes Power control is hard to achieve in multi-hop environments OFDM is better suited Relies on channel characteristic measurements

  12. Network layer Classification of routing protocols:

  13. Network layerUnicast with fixed addresses AODV based Standard in MANETs Needs modification for VANETs: The route discovery mechanisms has troubles setting up a route in highly dynamic networks AODV was designed for small networks Cluster based May be suitable for highways as vehicles tend to form clusters naturally The delay and overhead involved in forming and maintaining the cluster is a significant hurdle

  14. Network layerUnicast with geographical addresses Most proposals are based on the Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol: Use the digital map from a navigation systems to calculate the preferred path The transmission range in the street direction is much better

  15. Network layerMulticast with geographical addresses Usually based on flooding As Zone of Relevance (ZOR) usually contains many vehicles we need an intelligent forwarding mechanism Ensure that intended vehicles receive the message while lowering the overhead One possible solution: assign priorities based on sender-receiver distance

  16. Transport layer Providing end-to-end service: Reliability flow control TCP not suitable Vehicular Transport Protocol (VTP) Use statistics for improvements on connection disruption Mobile Control Transport Protocol (MCTP, like Ad Hoc TCP)

  17. Performance modeling issues Mobility models: Straight highway Circular highway Road grid Real road maps Simulation models: Traffic simulator + Network simulator Integrated simulator (preferred for simulating IVC systems) Communication Channel Models: Accurate models are a prerequisite for meaningful simulation results The free space propagation model without fading is used a lot The Nakagami propagation model is more realistic

  18. Conclusions IVC introduces additional challenges due to the relative mobility of vehicles This renders protocols that rely on knowledge of the state of the system inefficient Many IVC applications have the need for a radically different addressing mode Many proposals focus on one specific application There is a need for a network stack that supports many different applications Many proposed protocols are evaluated in less than ideal situations Limited vehicles Poor radio propagation models

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