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A sketch by Christopher Columbus mapping the coast of Haiti

A sketch by Christopher Columbus mapping the coast of Haiti. From Derek Walcott’s Nobel Speech 1992 - “Antilles: Fragments of Epic Memory,” available online: http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1992/walcott-lecture.html.

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A sketch by Christopher Columbus mapping the coast of Haiti

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  1. A sketch by Christopher Columbus mapping the coast of Haiti

  2. From Derek Walcott’s Nobel Speech 1992 - “Antilles: Fragments of Epic Memory,” available online: http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1992/walcott-lecture.html

  3. Where Ideas Percolate - The 18th Century Coffeehouse http://www.geocities.com/mtpetley/18th_century_coffeehouse.html

  4. Plan showing how enslaved Africans were packed in the holds of slave ships, from a leaflet issued by the Plymouth Committee of abolitionists, 1788.

  5. For more images to do with slavery and slave trade see http://www.eriding.net/media/slavery.shtml

  6. Newspaper advertisement – From Felix Farley’s Bristol Journal 9th January 768

  7. Stradanus, Cane Sugar in Nova Reperta (1620-1630) Qua saccharum paretur arte, plurimus – Pictura, quam vides, docebit te modus. The art of making sugar as it is commonly employed. The picture that you see, will teach you how to proceed. The plates can be seen at http://www.ulg.ac.be/wittert/fr/flori/opera/vanderstraet/vanderstraet_notice.html//oeuvre

  8. And always the word never And never the word again Derek Walcott, Omeros

  9. François Mackandal A maroon slave who organized several rebellions in St. Domingue. See http://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Fran%C%A7ois_Mackandal Maroons Maroons are escaped ex-slaves who settled in the mountains or woods outside plantations. See http://www.library.miami.edu/archives/slaves/Maroons/maroons.html and http://www.jamaicaway.com/Heros/NannyPage.html

  10. Great and Small Voyages (1590-1634) vol. 4 plate 22.

  11. America, ca 1600. Engraving by Theodore Galle after a drawing by Stradanus (Jan van der Straet) ca 1575,

  12. “This inaugural scene [represents] the beginning of a new [‘modern’] function of writing in the West”. “Vespucci [is presented as] the first one to grasp clearly that [America] is a nuova terra […] an unknown body destined to bear the name, Amerigo, of its inventer. But what is really initiated here is a colonization of the body by the discourse of power. This is writing that conquers. It will use the New World as if it were a blank, ‘savage’ page on which Western desire will be written.”[ Michel De Certeau, The Writing of History trans. by Tom Conley (New York: Columbia UP, 1988) pp. xxv-xxvi. [italics in his text]

  13. “An eroticized encounter between a man and a woman.” “[Through his] male prerogative of naming [Vespucci] renders America’s identity a dependent extension of his and stakes male Europe’s territorial rights to her body and, by extension, the fruits of her land”. “Roused from her sensual languor by the epic newcomer, the indigenous woman extends an inviting hand, insinuating sex and submission [...] Vespucci [...] is destined to inseminate her with the male seeds of civilization, fructify the wilderness and quell the riotous scene of cannibalism in the background”. McClintock, Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest (New York: Routledge, 1995), pp. 26, 27.

  14. “This inaugural scene is redolent not only of male megalomania and imperial aggression but also of male anxiety and paranoia” “In the foreground, the explorer is of a piece, fully armored, erect and magisterial, the incarnation of male imperial power. Caught in his gaze, the woman is naked, subservient and vulnerable to his advance. In the background, however, the male body is quite literally in pieces while the women are actively and powerfully engaged […] the scene is less about the soon-to-be-colonized ‘Other’ than it is about a crisis in male imperial identity […] both Amerigo and America are split aspects of the European intruder, representing disavowed aspects of male identity, displaced onto a ‘feminized’ space and managed by recourse to the prior order of gender.” McClintock, Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest (New York: Routledge, 1995), pp. 26, 27.

  15. “a monologic encounter [that] can only masquerade as a dialogue: it leaves no room for alternative voices.” Peter Hulme, Colonial Encounters: Europe and the Native Caribbean 1492-1797 (London: Routledge, 1986), p.9. “ the cannibal scene is rather distant […] there are no native weapons to be seen […] America lies there, very definitely dis-covered.” Peter Hulme “Polytropic Man: Tropes of Sexuality and Mobility in Early Colonial Discourse’ in F. Barker, P. Hulme, M. Iversen and D. Loxley (eds), Europe and its Others (Colchester: Essex UP, 1985) p. 17.

  16. Artemis the huntress École de Fontenaibleau, 16th century

  17. Titian, Death of Actaeon, 1562

  18. America, ca 1600. Engraving by Theodore Galle after a drawing by Stradanus (Jan van der Straet) ca 1575,

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