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Providing Options for Philippine Agriculture

Biotechnology. Providing Options for Philippine Agriculture. (Revised: June 2003). WORLD from 6.05 billion to about 7.5 billion. PHILIPPINES from 82 million to 122 million. Sources: ADB, POPCOM. To feed this population. world cereal production should increase by 50%.

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Providing Options for Philippine Agriculture

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  1. Biotechnology Providing Options for Philippine Agriculture (Revised: June 2003)

  2. WORLD from 6.05 billion to about 7.5 billion PHILIPPINES from 82 million to 122 million Sources: ADB, POPCOM

  3. To feed this population... world cereal production should increase by 50% Philippine rice production should increase from 12 to 18 M tons (40%)

  4. Agricultural resources are limited by ... • deforestation • overgrazing • land conversion Source: FAO

  5. With increasing demand for food and limiting resources... we need better and more efficient ways to produce food one option is through Biotechnology

  6. Bio - life Technology - any technique or procedure to develop new products

  7. Biotechnology - any technique that uses whole or part of a living thing to make new products, improve or develop plants, animals and other organisms for specific use

  8. GE of animals GE of plants GE to improve microorganisms GE to develop animal vaccines Recombinant DNA for disease diagnostics GE of biocontrol agents against plant pest & diseases Monoclonal anti body production Plant protoplast fusion Plant tissue culture Embryo transfer Fermentation, Biofertilizers

  9. Insulin for diabetes Interferon for treating cancer Hepatitis B vaccine

  10. Using living organisms to clean the environment

  11. Food biotechnology Improved food quality and food processing Better tasting More nutritious Cleaner food

  12. Animal biotechnology • Better breeds of livestock and poultry • leaner meat • more milk Vaccines

  13. Crops biotechnology Tissue cultured planting materials High yielding crops Varieties resistant to pests and diseases Diagnostic kits Improved postharvest qualities

  14. Genetic engineering Technique that transfers gene(s) of interest to develop and improve plants, animals and other organisms

  15. Gene - basic physical and functional units of heredity which carries information for the expression of a particular trait

  16. Crop Plant Wild Relative Wild Relative Crop Plant Genetic Engineering Conventional Breeding

  17. Genetic Engineering Conventional Breeding • limited to exchanges between the same or very closely related species • little or no guarantee of obtaining any particular gene combination from the millions of crosses generated • undesirable genes can be transferred along with desirable genes • take a long time to achieve desired results • allows the direct transfer of one or just a few genes, between either closely or distantly related organisms • crop improvement can be achieved in a shorter time compared to conventional breeding

  18. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) = Transgenics Products developed through genetic engineering

  19. 2001 & 2002 (millions of hectares) Global area by country

  20. 1996-2002 Global area by year Increase of 12%, 6.1 million hectares or 15 million acres between 2001 and 2002. Source: Clive James, 2002

  21. Global area by crop 2001 and 2002: (million hectares)

  22. 2001 2002 Industrial Countries 39.1 42.7 Developing Countries 13.5 16.0 Total 52.6 58.7 Source: Clive James, 2002 Global area (Industrial vs. Developing) 2001 and 2002: (million hectares)

  23. Regulation of GM crops National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines (NCBP) Created by E.O. 430 in 1990 to review and monitor R&D involving GMOs for laboratory and contained evaluation of possible effects on the environment Department of Agriculture Issued A. O. No. 8 “Rules and Regulations for the Importation and Release into the Environment of Plant and Plant Products Derived from the Use of Modern Biotechnology”mandating: • Bureau of Plant Industry to evaluate and monitor field tests of GM crops; process applications for limited field tests, propagation, delisting or for importation of GM crops • Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority to evaluate and register GM crops pesticidal properties • Bureau of Animal Industry to evaluate feed safety • Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Product Standards to evaluate food safety • DENR and DOH are also involved in biosafety and food safety assessments

  24. Commercialization • Corn resistant to Asiatic corn borer • Field Test • Rice resistant to bacterial blight • Corn resistant to Asiatic corn borer

  25. Greenhouse • Papaya with delayed ripening trait • Papaya resistant to ringspot virus • Laboratory • Mango with delayed ripening trait • Rice resistant to tungro virus • Vitamin A-enriched rice • Banana resistant to bunchy top disease • Coconut with higher amount of MCTs • Sweet potato resistant to feathery mottle virus

  26. Judicious and safe applications of biotechnology in agriculture and natural resources could increase farmer’s income, provide better and safer products to consumers and lessen dependence on chemicals destructive to the environment... Hence, biotechnology is a viable option

  27. BiotechnologyProviding Options for Philippine Agriculture This biotech mentor’s kit is a collaborative project of DOST – PCARRD ISAAA SEARCA-BIC Revised: June 2003

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