Taxonomy- STUDENT

1. Taxonomy- STUDENT Classification of Species

2. Classify the following words into 3 groups. Apple Packers Eggplant Eagles Giants CucumberPineapple Saints Pepper Banana Mango Onion

3. Classification • grouping of information or objects based on _____________________ Taxonomy • Science of ____________________ _______________________________ • Taxonomists = scientists who give each species a unique name

4. Scientific Names Come from one of two “dead” languages- Latin or ancient Greek. Why would we use a dead language?

5. Why is it beneficial to have a consistent naming system and avoid using common names? What does the term binomial nomenclature mean to you?

6. Binomial Nomenclature • A two-part scientific naming system for organisms • Part one: _______ • (capitalized) • Part two: _______

7. Binomial Nomenclature • Based on Latin • Always written in _________ if typed or ________________ if written by hand

8. Guess as many common names as you can. • Camelus dromedarius • Felis domesticus • Canis lupis • Homo sapien • Giraffa camelopardalis 6. Panthera leo 7. Panthera tigris 8. Diceros bicornis 9. Bubo scandiacus 10. Equus Caballus 11. Wunderpus photogenicus

9. Guess as many common names as you can. • _______ • _______ • _______ • _______ • _______ 6. _______ 7. _______ 8. _______ 9. _______ 10. _______ 11. _______

10. Check 4 Understanding Explain what is wrong with the following scientific names: • scaptia beyonce • Heerz lukenatcha • chewbacca (species) Polemistus (genus)

11. 3 Domains Domains are the largest level of classification for organisms in the modern world. Includes: • __________ (ancient single celled organisms) • ___________ • ___________ (organisms with a nucleus -> basically everything else)

12. Archaea • _____________________ _______________________ (hydrothermal vents, Dead Sea, Antarctic ice & hot springs) • Some of the _____________ _________________ on Earth • Microscopic

13. 2. Bacteria • __________________ • Some are beneficial and some cause _________ • Microscopic

14. 3. Eukarya • Contain a nucleus • (4 Kingdoms): • ___________ • ___________ • ___________ • ___________

15. Check 4 Understanding • What are the 3 domains? Give one characteristic for each domain.

16. Carl Linnaeus Father of Taxonomy- Created the scientific classification system still in use today His system has _______ levels that range from very ____________ to very ______________.

17. Each level is included in level above it. • _______________ Very Broad • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________Very Specific

18. King Phillip Came Over For Green Soup How to remember? K________________ P________________ C________________ O________________ F________________ G________________ S________________

19. Your way of Remembering: K________________ P________________ C________________ O________________ F________________ G________________ S________________

20. Classification for Lion Kingdom: Animalia (animal kingdom) Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrates) Class: Mammalia (mammals) Order: Carnivora (carnivores) Family: Felidae (cats) Genus:Panthera Species:leo Scientific Name: Panthera leo

21. Check 4 Understanding List the 7 levels of classification. • 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 4. 5.

22. C4U Broadest level: ___________________ 2. Most Specific Level: ___________________

23. C4U More species: ______________ Group of species: ____________ Group of phyla: ____________ Group of orders: ____________

24. Limitations of Linnaean System Linnaeus taxonomy doesn’t account for _____ ____________ (didn’t have the technology). Linnaeus based his system only on ________ ________________________________. • Doesn’t always mean they are closed related. DNA shows a closer evolutionary relationship than physical characterists.

26. 1. Which of the 3 organisms are most closely related? How do you know? _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________

27. 2. At what level do black bears and lions separate? ___________________ 3. At what level do lions and house cats separate? _________________

29. 1. Which of the 3 organisms are most closely related? How do you know? _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________

30. 2. At what level do horned owls and spectacled owls separate? ___________________ 3. At what level do snowy owls and horned owls separate? _________________

31. Dichotomous Key • Purpose: _________________________ __________________________________ • Presented with a sequence of choices between two statements based on characteristics of the organism. By always making the correct choice, the name of the organism will be revealed.

32. Example: Does the organism have: • One pair of wings • Two pairs of wings

34. Cladistics • determines evolutionary relationships by grouping species on the basis of shared characteristics • Clade: group of species that share a set of characteristics _______________

35. 3 Assumptions about Cladistics • Organisms within a group are descended from a__________ ________________. • There is a bifurcating pattern (divides something into 2 branches).

36. 3. Change in characteristics occurs in lineages over time → Takes time for organisms to change. Point of Cladistics: Determining the _______________________________ of different species

38. Analyzing Cladograms What do both the chimpanzee and the hamster have in common? _________________________ Chimp and lizard? _____________________ Hamster and salamander? ________________