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Sentence Stress in Languages

Learn about lexical words, structural words, and sentence stress placement in languages such as English and French. Understand how stress falls on syllables based on word types and word length.

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Sentence Stress in Languages

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  1. Dogs eat meat Elephants gobble vegetables

  2. Fred stopped E lizabeth started How many syllables? 2 6

  3. Fred ranFred has stopped Fred should have stopped by now

  4. Fred ranFred has stopped Fred should have stopped by now

  5. 'John 'loves 'Ann Pe 'nelope a 'dores 'Christopher 'Fred is e 'namoured of 'Oliver

  6. Isochronic sentence stress Stessed syllables in the sentence seem to occur at fairly regular intervals, irrespectively of the number of unstressed syllables between them Stessed syllables in the sentence seem to occur at fairly regular intervals, irrespectively of the number of unstressed syllables between them

  7. Where's the book I left on the table? Where's the package I left on the able? Where's the dictionary I left on the table? Where's the cas sette I left on the table? Where's the package I left on the re frigerator? Where's the package I left on the infor mation desk? Where's the book I left on the table? Where's the book I left here? What's the book like?

  8. Isochronic stress dogs eat meat / / / elephants gobble vegetables / x x / x / x x

  9. stress-timed languages syllable-timed languages dogs eat meat / / / elephants gobble vegetables / x x / x / x x les chiens mangent de la viande x x x (x) x x x (x) les éléphants avalent des légumes x x x x x (x) x x x (x )

  10. CLOSE (HIGH FRONT BACK OPEN (LOW)

  11. Review:

  12. Sentence stress Which words in the sentence carry stress?

  13. Distinguish between: • LEXICAL WORDS • (content words, open-class items) • nouns • adjectives • adverbs • lexical verbs • STRUCTURAL WORDS • (functional words, closed-class items) • prepositions • pronouns • auxiliary verbs

  14. Placement of sentence stress • Sentence stress falls on the STRESSED SYLLABLES of all lexical words • - Most UNSTRESSED words are small structural words Mary at least has never pretended she could sing

  15. Placement of sentence stress • Sentence stress falls on the STRESSED SYLLABLES of all lexical words • - Most UNSTRESSED words are small structural words 'Mary at least has never pretended she could sing

  16. Placement of sentence stress • Sentence stress falls on the STRESSED SYLLABLES of all lexical words • - Most UNSTRESSED words are small structural words 'Mary at 'least has never pretended she could sing

  17. Placement of sentence stress • Sentence stress falls on the STRESSED SYLLABLES of all lexical words • - Most UNSTRESSED words are small structural words 'Mary at 'least has 'never pretended she could sing

  18. Placement of sentence stress • Sentence stress falls on the STRESSED SYLLABLES of all lexical words • - Most UNSTRESSED words are small structural words 'Mary at 'least has 'never pre'tended she could sing

  19. Placement of sentence stress • Sentence stress falls on the STRESSED SYLLABLES of all lexical words • - Most UNSTRESSED words are small structural words 'Mary at 'least has 'never pre'tended she could 'sing

  20. Placement of sentence stress • Sentence stress falls on the STRESSED SYLLABLES of all lexical words • - Most UNSTRESSED words are small structural words 'Mary at 'least has 'neverpre'tendedshe could 'sing

  21. 'Mary at 'least has 'never pre'tended she could 'sing

  22. 'Mary at 'least has 'never pre'tended she could 'sing

  23. Placement of sentence stress • Sentence stress falls on the STRESSED SYLLABLES of all lexical words • - Most UNSTRESSED words are small structural words

  24. Placement of sentence stress • Structural words may carry sentence-stress if emphasised in some way: (a) when cited: How do you spell "than"? Compare: bigger than me

  25. Placement of sentence stress • Structural words may carry sentence-stress if emphasised in some way: (b) for emphasis: I don't think I can do it But I think you cando it

  26. Placement of sentence stress • Polysyllabic structural words may carry sentence-stress: until behind

  27. Placement of sentence stress 4 Adverbs are usually stressed, even if they are technically structural words: She 'jumped 'off the 'table It's 'too 'late to 'change our 'minds

  28. Placement of sentence stress 5 Adverbs of position carry sentence stress: I'm 'not 'coming 'here a'gain I 'left it 'over 'there

  29. Placement of sentence stress • Demonstratives are stressed: 'This 'book is 'really 'worth 'reading 'That's the 'stupidest i'dea I ve 'ever 'heard

  30. Placement of sentence stress • Negatives are stressed: I'm 'not 'coming 'here a'gain We 'can t ex'pect 'everything I 'hope you 'won t be an'noyed

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