Global History Review: Trends & Highlights

1. Global Regents-- Multiple choice trends and highlights

2. The World in 1750

3. The World in 1750 • Mughal Empire in India • Ottoman Empire in Mediterranean • Absolute rulers in France, Russia, Prussia • Most questions will be about trade routes!! (ocean-based) • Possible question on religious and ethnic tolerance (Global midterm)

4. Enlightenment, Revolution and Nationalism

5. Enlightenment, Revolution and Nationalism • Identifying main ideas of philosophes (Locke**, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Wollstonecraft) • Idea that Enlightenment ideas about government led to revolutions (America, France, Latin America, sometimes Great Britain) • Ideas of the Enlightenment used logic and reason and changed expectations of government • Nationalism: definitions and identification • Nationalism: Germany, Italy—caused new countries • Nationalism: Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empire—caused divisions

6. Causes and Effects of the Industrial Revolution

7. Causes and Effects of the Industrial Revolution • Agricultural innovations, enclosure, led to more food production with less labor • Adam Smith and Wealth of Nations • Technological innovations (spinning jenny, water wheal, power loom, steam engine, factory system) • Sometimes contrast factory system with domestic (put-out) system • Urbanization • Growth of middle class • Poor labor conditions and expectations that government address them (Ashley & Sadler Reports)

8. Imperialism

9. Imperialism • White Man’s Burden—belief “civilizing” • Social Darwinism • Need for raw materials and new markets (economic justification) • Positive and negative effects (esp. India, China) • Rebellions and resistance (Sepoy, Boxer) • Japan and Meiji Restoration • Scramble for Africa (Berlin Conference)

10. Unresolved Global Conflict (WW1 & 2)

11. Unresolved Global Conflict (WW1 & 2) • Causes of WW1 • Effects of WW1 • New technology in WW1? • Russian Revolution & Marxism • Stalin and totalitarianism • Rise of Fascism in Europe (Hitler, rarely Mussolini) • Appeasement • Start of WW2 • Geography and WW2 (Stalingrad, Britain) • Hiroshima • Holocaust

12. Cold War

13. Cold War • Tensions between East and West (ideologies) • Aggression by East, containment by West (NATO, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan) • Expansion of communism into Cuba, Cuban Missile Crisis • UN response and intervention in Korea • Proxy Wars in Afghanistan and Vietnam • Détente • Gorbachev’s reforms (glasnost & perestroika)—usually identification • Fall of Berlin Wall and collapse of communism • Application of perspectives to questions…..

14. Decolonization and Nationalism

15. Decolonization and Nationalism • Gandhi • Muslim League and INC • Ghana, Kenya nationalism movements • Zionism as a movement • Creation of Israel, Arab-Israeli Wars • Palestinians, PLO, peace process • Chinese civil war and then communist revolution • China: Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution, Four Modernizations, Two Chinas?

16. Tensions between traditional cultures and modernization

17. Tensions between traditional cultures and modernization • Urbanization and industrialization in developing world (usually general, but curriculum indicates all regions) • Kemal Ataturk in Turkey • Reza Pahlavi in Iran • Technologies changing interactions • Rise of fundamentalism • Rise of terrorism

18. Globalization and a changing global environment

19. Globalization and a changing global environment • Free market, export driven global economy • WTO, World Bank, NAFTA • EU • Population growth and threat to environment (desertification, water shortages) • International organizations and conflict (UN, NATO) • Terrorism after 9/11 • Rarely—green revolution (1970s)

20. Human Rights Violations

21. Human Rights Violations • UDHR created and why • Genocides (Armenians, Holocaust, Ukrainians, Pol Pot & Cambodians, Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Darfur) • Trials (Nuremberg trials, Japanese War Crime Trials, International Criminal Court) • Apartheid in South Africa and resistance • Misc.