Enabling Security Testing from Specification to Code

1. Enabling Security Testing from Specification to Code Shane Bracher and Padmanabhan Krishnan Fifth International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods (IFM 2005) 29 November – 2 December 2005Eindhoven, The Netherlands

2. Problem Statement • Formal models: • Usually created for verifying key properties. • The more abstract, the easier to verify. • But for testing, they are too far removed from the implementation. • Possible testing approaches: • Exhaustive testing – all possible behaviour. • Bounded exhaustive testing – all possible behaviour to a certain depth. • Fault injection testing – reaction under faulty environments. • Model based testing – aims to reduce the testing effort. Enabling Security Testing from Specification to Code

3. Objective • We have a formal model of a protocol. • We want to use this model to derive test sequences. • In particular, we are interested in testing the security properties. How can we use model based techniques to automatically generate test sequences for testing the security properties of protocols? • Test sequences generated from: • the formal model are too abstract. (too far from the implementation) • the implementation are too concrete. (not reusable) Enabling Security Testing from Specification to Code

4. Methodology • Translate the “high-level” formal specification into an intermediary model: • less abstract • closer to an implementation • Now we can generate test sequences from the intermediary model (which was derived from the formal model). • For testing the security properties: • The security goals are already stated in the high-level model. • We can specify these goals within the intermediary model as annotations. Enabling Security Testing from Specification to Code

5. Bandera Intermediate Representation (BIR) High Level Protocol Specification Language (HLPSL) Bogor Model Checking Framework “Bridging the gap” Enabling Security Testing from Specification to Code

6. Case Study • Internet Open Trading Protocol (IOTP) • Objectives of case study: • Verify the ability to translate a high-level model into an intermediary model. • Using annotations, determine the possibility of deriving test sequences from the intermediary model. Enabling Security Testing from Specification to Code

7. Internet Open Trading Protocol Offer BrandList, Offer Select, Offer Merchant (M) Pay, Offer, Sig_M(Pay) Offer, Pay, Merchant, Sig_C(Pay) Receipt, Sig_P(Pay, Receipt, Offer) Payment Processor (P) Customer (C) Sig_P(Pay, Receipt, Offer), Pay, Receipt, Offer Data, Sig_D(Data) Delivery Agent (D) Enabling Security Testing from Specification to Code

8. Intermediary Model record(|Customer|)extends(|Role|) { (|Agent|) /|Customer.C|\; /* All agents */ (|PublicKey|) /|Customer.Kc|\; /* All keys */ (|Channel|) /|Customer.SND_CM|\; /* All channels */ /* snipped */ loc loc1: live { [|brandlist|], [|offer|], [|select|] } when[|this|]./|Customer.RCV_CM|\.read do invisible { [|brandlist|] := ((|BrandList|)) [|this|]./|Customer.RCV_CM|\./|Channel.payload|\[0]; [|offer|] := ((|Offer|)) [|this|]./|Customer.RCV_CM|\./|Channel.payload|\[1]; [|this|]./|Customer.RCV_CM|\.read := false; [|select|] := new(|Select|); [|this|]./|Customer.SND_CM|\./|Channel.payload|\[0] := [|select|]; [|this|]./|Customer.SND_CM|\./|Channel.payload|\[1] := [|offer|]; [|this|]./|Customer.SND_CM|\.read := true; } goto loc2; Enabling Security Testing from Specification to Code

9. Deriving Test Sequences • Security properties tested: • Authentication – Customer authenticates Merchant on Pay. • Secrecy – Pay is to remain secret from the Delivery Agent (hypothetical). • Sessions: • Authentic Customer – Authentic Merchant • Authentic Customer – Intruder acting as Merchant • Intruder acting as Customer – Authentic Merchant • Test sequences produced as counter examples. • But to get a counter example, we need a violation to occur. • Solution: negate the security goals. Enabling Security Testing from Specification to Code

10. Results • Concurrent sessions: • 480 test sequences returned. • Reason: violation found in large number of interleavings. • Too many for the Bogor Counter Example Environment to display. • Therefore, it was necessary to identify a sufficiently simple interleaving in order for a test sequence trace to be returned. Enabling Security Testing from Specification to Code

11. Conclusion • Demonstrated the practicability of using an intermediary model for automatically deriving test sequences for testing the security properties of protocols. • The derived test sequences are both suitable and reusable for testers to apply to a working protocol implementation. Enabling Security Testing from Specification to Code

12. Thank you for your attention. • Shane Brachersbracher@student.bond.edu.au • Padmanabhan Krishnanpkrishna@staff.bond.edu.au • Centre for Software AssuranceSchool of Information Technology, Bond UniversityGold Coast, Queensland, 4229, AUSTRALIA www.sand.bond.edu.au Enabling Security Testing from Specification to Code