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Chapter 27

1945-1954. Chapter 27. The Cold War. The Big Three. Franklin D. Roosevelt Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin. Where did they meet & why?. Yalta. Joseph Stalin. *Enter war against Japan *Free Elections *Wanted land between Soviet Union and the West & Asia.

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Chapter 27

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  1. 1945-1954 Chapter 27 The Cold War

  2. The Big Three Franklin D. Roosevelt Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Where did they meet & why?

  3. Yalta

  4. Joseph Stalin *Enter war against Japan *Free Elections *Wanted land between Soviet Union and the West & Asia

  5. Germany divided: 4 zones – U.S. Great Britain Soviet Union France

  6. Harry Truman – “I felt like the moon,stars, and all the planets had fallen on me.”

  7. United Nations? UN hoped to settle disputes between nations and prevent future war… ended the League of Nations (WWI) 10 members of the Security Council voted against Libya – 5 sustained (China, Russia, Germany, etc.)

  8. United Nations Approves No-Fly Zone for Libya 0/5 rating Print Article Reported by: Newsroom Solutions Friday, March 18 2011 The United Nations Security Council has voted to approve a no-fly zone over Libya.The vote was 10 nations in favor with none opposed.However, five abstained including Russia, China and Germany.The resolution was sponsored by the United States, Great Britain, France and Lebanon, who all voted in favor.The resolution approved yesterday also calls for, quote, "all necessary measures" to protect civilians from assault by the Libyan army.Dictator Muammar Gaddafi has been waging a punishing military campaign against rebels opposed to his four-decade rule.After learning of the UN resolution, Libya's foreign minister announced a ceasefire, saying his country is halting military operations against rebels.Earlier today, Gaddafi said he'd make life hell for any country that attacks his country, remarking quote, "if the world goes crazy, so will we."

  9. Joseph Stalin Failed to keep promise. Set up Communist Gov.

  10. The Iron Curtain Churchill – “An Iron Curtain has ascended on Europe .”

  11. Containment??? George Kennan

  12. Truman Doctrine was a commitment to help nations threatened by communism and Soviet expansion. Truman Doctrine: commitment to help nationsC:\Documents and Settings\martha.sikes\My Documents\chapter 27\Truman_Doctrine_and_Marshall_Plan.wmv threatened by communism and Soviet expansion.

  13. “It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation (conquest) by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” President Harry Truman

  14. $13 Billion George Marshall: Marshall Plan Economic aid to Europe

  15. Berlin Blockade

  16. June, 1948… The Berlin Blockade Berlin Airlift Day and Night for 10 months…. Stalin ended the blockade May 1949

  17. Cold War Both the U.S. and Soviet Union had nuclear weapons and afraid of a “hot war” that would destroy everything.

  18. 2 Armed Camps

  19. N A T O North Atlantic Treaty Organization Stated, “an armed attack against one or more of the members shall be an attack against all.” (28 countries)

  20. Albania Hungary Belgium Iceland Bulgaria Latvia Canada Italy Croatia Lithuania Chez Republic Luxembourg Denmark Netherlands Estonia Norway France Poland Germany Portugal Greece Romania Spain Turkey Slovakia United States United Kingdom

  21. Soviets & 8 of their alliances Warsaw Pact

  22. NSC: National Security Council (NSC-68) “foster the seeds of destruction within the Soviet Union.”

  23. China… Civil war takes place and communist leader Mao Zedong wins…China becomes: The People’s Republic of China

  24. Philippines gained their independence in 1946 from the U.S.

  25. Jews and the Arabs both claimed Palestine, the area previously controlled by the British. In 1947 the U.N. divided Palestine. The new Jewish state was called Israel.

  26. Section 2 Postwar Politics

  27. Economy? *Inflation – rise in prices *railroad strike- total shutdown (president threatened to draft them into the army

  28. GI Bill 1944 – after WW II Loans: *education *start new business *special training *health benefits Government issued

  29. National Security Act: 1947 Unified the army, navy, marines, and air force under the Department of Defense

  30. CIA: Central Intelligence Agency Aids American foreign policy by collecting informationabout what is going on in other countries, evaluating it, and passing it on to the president and other foreign-policy decision makers.

  31. Truman traveled over 30,000 miles by train on a “whistle-stop” tour.

  32. Harry Truman wins a second term against Thomas Dewey 1948

  33. Truman took a stand on civil rights….. ordered the armed forces to desegregate…. to end the separation of races.

  34. Section 3: The Korean War

  35. Japan Korea capital of Korea - Seoul

  36. North Korea invades South Korea and the UN agrees to send a special force into the region. Sept. 1950

  37. 38thParallel

  38. 3 miles wide/160 miles long The most heavily militarized zone in the world. “Korea is the Greece of the Far East. If we are tough enough now, if we stand up to them like we did in Greece 3 years ago, they won’t take any next steps.” Truman

  39. Korean War June 30, 1950 Forces are sent

  40. Douglas MacArthur North Korean forces had pushed all the way to the southern trip of the Korean Peninsula.

  41. June 1950 MacArthur and the UN forces land near the port of Inchon and continue to recapture Seoul. American and UN troops begin pushing north from Pusan. North Korea forced to retreat across the 38th Parallel.

  42. MacArthur assures Truman that China nor the Soviet Union will help North Korea.

  43. The UN approves to continue with the invasion of North Korea and create “a unified, independent and democratic Korea.” UN capture the capital of North Korea, Pyongyang and move toward the Yalta River

  44. China threatens to send their armies to support North Korea

  45. Truman & MacArthur think China is bluffing… China begins their invasion & assisting of North Korea and pushes the UN forces across the 38th Parallel and recapturing Seoul. October 1950

  46. January, 1951 UN begins a massive counteroffensive retaking Seoul and beginning a stalemate lasting for 2 years.

  47. stalemate???

  48. MacArthur believes the UN should attack China, but President Truman believes it will lead to a larger war. MacArthur sends a letter to a member of Congress… “We must win, there is no substitute for victory.” MacArthur is relieved from his duties by President Truman (April 11, 1951)

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