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Intro to MIS – MGS351 Computer Hardware and Software

Intro to MIS – MGS351 Computer Hardware and Software. Extended Learning Module A. Chapter Overview. History Binary and Digital Communications Hardware CPU, Memory, Storage Devices, Input Devices, Output Devices Software Operating Systems, Application Software, Programming Languages .

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Intro to MIS – MGS351 Computer Hardware and Software

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  1. Intro to MIS – MGS351Computer Hardwareand Software Extended Learning Module A

  2. Chapter Overview • History • Binary and Digital Communications • Hardware • CPU, Memory, Storage Devices, Input Devices, Output Devices • Software • Operating Systems, Application Software, Programming Languages

  3. “If we can build something that adds, we’re well on our way to building something that uses addition to also subtract, multiply, divide, calculate mortgage payments, guide rockets to Mars, play chess and foul up our phone bills.” - Charles Petzold, CODE p131

  4. Difference Engine "I wish to God these calculations had been executed by steam." – Charles Babbage upon finding multiple errors in calculation tables

  5. Binary Communications • Could you communicate successfully with only two signals, symbols or sounds? • Telegraph / Morse Code • Braille

  6. Can a Binary Machine do Math?

  7. Electricity and binary math? • Series circuit

  8. Electricity and binary math? • Parallel circuit

  9. Binary Addition 0 + 0 = 00 1 + 0 = 01 0 + 1 = 01 1 + 1 = 10 Exactly like Series/AND Almost like Parallel/OR

  10. Stibitz 1-Bit Model K Adder "We wouldn't have our iPhones today, if we didn't start out with stuff like this." - Steve Wozniak

  11. Digital Communications Bit (binary digit) • Represents smallest unit of data in the form of either 0 or 1 Byte • String of bits, usually eight • Stores one number or character

  12. Digital Communications

  13. Sentence written in ASCII 01000001010100110100001101001001010010010010000001101001011100110010000001101110011011110111010000100000011001100111010101101110001000000111010001101111001000000111010001111001011100000110010100101110

  14. What is this?

  15. What is this?

  16. Hardware • The physical electronic components and peripherals of a computer that do the “work” of computing.

  17. CPU (processor) • Interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate a computer. Controls other parts of the computer system. • Gigahertz and Multicore • Moore’s Law

  18. Memory (Primary Storage) • Temporarily stores software program(s) being executed, data used by the programs and other instructions. • RAM - Random Access Memory (GB) • ROM - Read Only Memory • Volatile versus non-volatile • www.crucial.com

  19. CPU and Primary Storage

  20. What is this?

  21. Storage Devices • Sequential versus direct access • Magnetic disk: Floppy disk, Hard disk • Optical disks: CD-ROM, DVDs • Solid state drive • Magnetic tape: Inexpensive, older secondary-storage medium

  22. Input Devices • Keyboard and Mouse • Touch Screen • Image and Biometric Scanner • Optical Character Recognition (OCR) • Optical Mark Reader • Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) • Bar Code Scanner • Pen Based Input and Audio Input

  23. Input Devices - Keyboard

  24. Output Devices • Monitors • CRT, LCD, LED and Plasma • Printers • Inkjet, Laser, Multifunction and 3D • Audio Output • Microfilm and Microfiche

  25. Software • The electronic instructions that tell the computer hardware what to do. Software is useless without hardware and vice versa.

  26. Software • Software program: Series of statements or instructions to the computer • System software: Generalized programs, manages computer’s resources • Application software: Programs written to perform functions specified by end users

  27. Figure 6-9 Major Types of Software

  28. What is an Operating System? • A set of programs that manages the operations of a computer and functions as an interface between the user, the application programs and the computer hardware. • Win 9x, Win 2000, Win XP, Win Vista, Win 7, Win 8, Mac OS, DOS, UNIX, Linux, OS/2, MVS and more!

  29. Role of the Operating System

  30. Operating System Functions • Allocates and assigns system resources • Schedules use of computer resources • Monitors computer system activities • Provides locations in primary memory for data and programs • Controls the input and output devices

  31. Linux • Consumers Love It. • Linux represents a best-of-breed UNIX, that is trusted in mission critical applications, and - due to it's open source code - has a long term credibility which exceeds many other competitive OS's. • Linux has been deployed in mission critical, commercial environments with an excellent pool of public testimonials. • Linux's (real and perceived) virtues over Windows NT include: Customization, Availability/Reliability, Scaleability Performance and Interoperability Source: Microsoft! The infamous Halloween documents: www.opensource.org/halloween.html

  32. Some Popular Linux Distributions • Ubuntu - www.ubuntu.com • Linux Mint - linuxmint.com • Zorin OS - www.zorin-os.com • Hundreds more at distrowatch.com • Can try Linux without installing it using a Linux LiveCD - www.livecdlist.com

  33. Application Software • Software designed to perform people-related tasks such as payroll, inventory, and sales analysis. • Questions when Selecting Software • Proprietary or Common Off the Shelf (COTS) Software? Build or Buy? • Open Source or Commercial?

  34. Popular Programming Languages • Java, Javascript, C, C++, PHP, Python, C#, Visual Basic, Objective C, Perl, Ruby, JavaScript, Delphi

  35. Programming Languages • Machine language: Consists of 1s and 0s of binary code • Assembly language: Resembles machine language, substitutes mnemonics for numeric codes • Third-generation languages: FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal, and C

  36. Programming Languages • Fourth-generation language: Employed directly by end users - nonprocedural • Natural languages: A type of 4th generation language that is similar to human language • Query languages: Used to retrieve data stored in databases or files

  37. Programming Languages • Machine code 010010 001010 111010 001011 • Assembly language AR 5,3 • FORTRAN READ (5,100) ID, QUANT, PRICE TOTAL = QUANT * PRICE • COBOL MULTIPLY QUANT-SOLD BY UNIT-PRICE GIVING SALES-TOTAL

  38. Language Translation Software • Translates high-level language programs into machine language (1s and 0s) binary executables • Compilers • Interpreters

  39. Is newer technology better? When should you upgrade?

  40. “We should be impressed by technology, but we shouldn’t be distracted by it or fooled into thinking that technology, unto itself, is the solution to anything.” -Lou Gerstner Quote

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