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Subsistence

Subsistence. Agriculture and pastoralism . Learning Objectives: Subsistence Unit. 1. Identify the subsistence patterns found in human societies 2. Identify the cultural characteristics of a society that might be inferred from knowing the society’s subsistence patterns

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Subsistence

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  1. Subsistence Agriculture and pastoralism

  2. Learning Objectives: Subsistence Unit • 1. Identify the subsistence patterns found in human societies • 2. Identify the cultural characteristics of a society that might be inferred from knowing the society’s subsistence patterns • 3. Identify the changes brought about by the transition to food production.

  3. Adaptive Strategies • Means of making a living • 1) Foraging • 2) Horticulture • 3) Agriculture • 4) Pastoralism • 5) Industrialism • Will discuss at the end of the quarter

  4. Agriculture • Cultivation using land and labor continuously and intensively • Focus of our discussion: • 1. • 2. • 3.

  5. Agriculture: Domesticated Animals • Means of production • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4.

  6. Agriculture: Irrigation • Benefits • 1. • 2. • 3. • Example: Ifugao Rice Fields

  7. Agriculture: Terracing • Terrace – piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces • Why? • Effective farming Inca - Peru

  8. Agriculture: Irrigation & Terracing

  9. Cultivation Continuum Labor increases, permanent pot usage increases Agriculture: ____________ Horticulture: ____________________ Key Difference between H & A: ______________vs. _________________

  10. Pastoralism • Subsistence strategy ____________________ • Adaptation to one’s environment • _________________ • Only in ___________except Andean region

  11. Pastoralism • Degree of sedentism depends on animals • Camels, cows, goats: __________ • Pigs: _______________ • Types of Mobility • Pastoral Nomadism: _________________ • Transhumance: _____________________

  12. Video 1 Video 2

  13. Maasai of Kenya & Tanzania • ‘Cattle People’ • ‘Warrior People’ • Well known for their red clothing

  14. Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania • Influenced by local government & international activities • Land rights • Possession of cattle • Eco-tourism

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