Objectives for 9 – 13 January

1. Objectives for 9 – 13 January • 9 January – We continue to review for the finals this week • 10 January - We continue to review for the finals this week • 11 January – Semester Subjective Final Exam • 12 January - Bring study materials for an Exam period tomorrow • 13 January - – Semester Objective Final Exam

2. Study Guide for Semester Exams 2011 – 2012 1st Semester Chapters 1 & 2 Study Questions

3. Questions 1 and 2 ____ 1. Wind, water, and glaciers can wear down landforms in a process called a. drought. • erosion. c. plate tectonics. d. scaling. ____ 2. The imaginary line that divides the Earth into northern and southern halves is the a. Prime Latitude. b. Prime Meridian. c. Equator. d. Absolute Longitude.

4. Questions 3 & 4 ____ 3. Which of the following is not a cause of erosion? • wind • plate tectonics c. water d. glaciers ____ 4. The Llano Estacado and the Edwards Plateau are landforms in the a. Coastal Plains region. b. North Central Plains region. c. Great Plains region. d. Mountains and Basins region.

5. Questions 5 & 6 ____ 5. Geography is the study . . . a. of the oceans of the earth. b. of the landforms of the earth. c. of the earth. d. of the moon. ____ 6. The two branches of geography are . . . a. plains and plateau geography. b. mountain and coastal geography. c. human and physical geography. d. rural and urban geography.

6. Questions 7 & 8 ____ 7. Physical geography is the a. human characteristics of a place. b. physical characteristics of a place. ____ 8. How did climate allow the first humans to come to the Americas from Asia? a. a warm climate made it easier to find food along the way. b. cold climate lowered ocean levels, creating a land bridge. c. Heavy rains allowed them to float boats across the sea. d. strong winds blew their sailboats to a new shore.

7. Questions 9 & 10 ____ 9. Which of the following is not one of the three periods of prehistory in Texas? a. Archaic Era • Late Prehistoric Era c. Paleolithic Era d. Spanish Conquest Era ____10. How did the atlatl help Native Americans hunt? a. They could throw spears with more force. b. They could hunt in larger groups. c. They could follow herds over greater distances. d. all of the above

9. Short Answer Questions The name of region A is Coastal Plains. 11. What is the name of region A? 12. What is the name of region B?  13. What is the name of region C? 14. What is the name of region D?  15. Which region is the most populous? Why? The name of region B is North Central Plains. The name of region C is Great Plains. The name of region D is Mountain and Basins. The Coastal Plains is the most populous region. Most of the world’s population is near coastal areas, because of better climate and rainfall for agriculture. Also transportation and recreation opportunities are better in coastal plains areas.

10. Review/Study Questions Chapters 3 and 4

11. ____ 16. The Reconquista ended in _____ a. 711. b. 1215. c. 1492. d. 1540.

12. ____ 17. Which explorer was the first to reach the Americas from Europe? a. Cabeza de Vaca b. Columbus c. Coronado d. Cortés

13. ____ 18. Which of the following was not a goal of the Spanish in exploring the New World? a. to defeat the English b. to gain wealth for themselves c. to make their country more powerful d. to spread Christianity

14. ____ 19. Which of the following helps explain why the Spanish were able to conquer Native Americans? a. Native Americans did not have sailing ships. b. Native Americans were too busy hunting buffalo. c. The Spanish had better communications. d. The Spanish had better weapons and armor.

15. ____ 20. Cabeza de Vaca reached Texas as a result of . . . a. the failed Narváez expedition. b. the Cortés expedition. c. Coronado’s expedition. d. Estevanico’s expedition.

16. ____ 21. Which physical feature of Texas did Coronado cross? a. Edwards Plateau b. Hill Country c. Llano Estacado d. lower Rio Grande valley

17. ____ 22. Which of the following was not a reason the king and queen of Spain backed Columbus’s voyage? a. to gain wealth b. to become more powerful than Portugal c. to convert indigenous Americans d. to spread Christianity to China and India

18. ____ 23. Columbus sailed from Spain with the goal of a. completing the Reconquista. b. reaching India and China. c. defeating the Aztecs. d. rescuing the Narváez expedition.

19. ____ 24. Which Spanish leaders defeated the Aztecs and Incas? a. Cabeza de Vaca and Coronado b. Cortés and Pizarro c. De Soto and Moscoso d. Narváez and Marcos de Niza

20. ____ 25. For defense of the missions, the Spanish built forts, called a. epidemics. b. castles. c. mestizos. d. presidios.

21. ____ 26. The Spanish hoped to convert Native Americans by setting up a. catechisms. b. expeditions. c. missions. d. pueblos.

22. ____ 27. Which of the following was not a reason that Native Americans came to missions? a. to join the army b. to have a steady supply of food c. to protect themselves from enemies d. because the Spanish offered them gifts to do so

23. See Chart for Questions 28, 29 and 30

25. 28. Why did several Spanish explorers try to find the Seven Cities of Cíbola?  29. In what order did these explorers travel in Texas?  30. Why was La Salle’s colony a threat to Spain?

26. These questions are from Chapter 2 (Remember your answer must be in the form of a complete sentence.) 31. Name and date the three Eras of Texas Prehistoric cultures. 32. How did getting the horse help Native Americans hunt the buffalo? The three eras are the Paleolithic Era that was from 11,00 BC to 6,000 BC; the Archaic Era that last from 6000 BC until about AD 700; and the Late Prehistoric Era last from AD 700 to around AD1500. Getting the horse made it easier to hunt the buffalo, because they could follow the herds greater distances and hunt more safely than on foot.

27. Questions from Chapter 4 continued ____ 33. Several Americans who launched unofficial wars were called a. expeditions. b. filibusters. c. garrisons. d. skirmishes.

28. ____ 34. The United States ceded its claim to Texas, meaning that it . . . a. added the area to its country. b. sent several expeditions to the area. c. gave up any claim to the land. d. backed up its claim with forts.

29. ____ 35. Why did Spain start to build missions in East Texas? a. to block the filibusters b. to end the revolts in Texas c. to push the Comanches out of Texas d. to try to keep France out of Texas

30. ____ 36. The Spanish hoped to convert Native Americans by setting up a. catechisms. b. missions. c. expeditions. d. pueblos.

31. ____ 37. Why did conservatives dislike the revolt of Hidalgo? a. They feared that the lower classes would take their power. b. They were loyal to the king. c. They resented his alliance with filibusters. d. They supported Morelos instead.

32. ____ 38. When did Mexico win its independence? a. 1810 b. 1814 c. 1821 d. 1827

33. ____ 39. A government in which citizens elect people who make laws is a a. colony. b. catechism. c. viceroy. d. republic.

34. ____ 40. Why was San Antonio de Béxar located where it was?  a. because it was halfway between the Rio Grande and East Texas b. because it was at an excellent harbor on the coast c. because it was close to the government in Mexico

35. ____ 41. What contribution did missions make to Texas? a. They started the cattle industry. b. They started the oil industry. c. They introduced cotton farming. d. They helped the number of Native Americans in Texas grow larger.

36. ___ 42. What did friars use the catechism for? a. to teach Native Americans to farm b. to convert Native Americans c. to punish Native Americans d. all of the above

37. ____ 43. What group in Mexico had the highest rank in society? a. criollos c. mestizos b. Native Americans d. peninsulares

38. Short Answer QuestionsAnswer must be in the form of a complete sentence. 44. When did Mexico win independence from Spain?   45. How did the United States gain Louisiana?   46. What was the difference between a mission and a presidio?

39. Chapter 5 Study Questions

40. ___ 47. What is one reason many Mexicans did not want to colonize Texas? They feared attacks from Native Americans.

41. ____ 48. What three occupations did Moses Austin have before he became an empresario? storekeeper, mine operator, banker

42. ___ 49. What happened when Moses Austin went to San Antonio in 1820? He gained a contract as an empresario.

43. ____ 50. What was the effect of Mexican independence on Texas? Land became even cheaper and more available than before.

44. ___ 51. Who were the Old Three Hundred? the first families to settle in Texas with Austin

45. ____52. How did Mexico’s colonization laws attract settlers? by offering land at low prices

46. ___ 53. What happened to Austin’s grant when Mexico won independence? The new government accepted it.

47. ___ 54. Which empresario launched a revolt against Mexican authority? Hadden Edwards

48. ___ 55. Which empresario came from Mexico? De Leon

49. READING A TABLE Study the table below, and then answer the questions that follow.

50. The most contracts were issued in 1825 and 1826.   56. In which two years were the most empresario contracts issued? 57. What law led to the signing of contracts in these two years? Colonization Law of 1824 led to the signing of contracts in 1825 and 1826.