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Thoughtful Sustainability

Thoughtful Sustainability. Teri Lewis Oregon State University Ronnie Detrich Wing Institute David Standiford Oregon State University NW-PBIS, March 2010. Nature of the Problem. In education innovations come and go in 18-48 months (Latham, 1988).

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Thoughtful Sustainability

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  1. Thoughtful Sustainability Teri Lewis Oregon State University Ronnie Detrich Wing Institute David Standiford Oregon State University NW-PBIS, March 2010

  2. Nature of the Problem • In education innovations come and go in 18-48 months (Latham, 1988). • Sustainability should be a focus from the day a project is implemented. With most projects, the pressure of just becoming operational often postpones such a focus until well into the 2nd year (Alderman & Taylor, 2003).

  3. Challenges to Implementation(Kratochwill, Albers, & Steele Shernoff, 2004) • Primary focus on education • Lack of emphasis on prevention programs • Organization impedes collaboration, working as team • Lack of skills, training, resources

  4. Working Smarter, Not More(Kame’enui and Darch) • “Do less, better” • Consolidate and integrate initiatives that are similar (e.g., focus, outcomes, etc.) • “Think small” • Based on resources, must identify and give priority to a realistic and manageable number of priorities.

  5. Review Parameters • 15 years (1989-2006) • Descriptors • Sustainability • Maintenance • Generalization • Implementation fidelity • Longitudinal

  6. Reviewed 95 articles • 56 included • 38 not included • Coded articles • Defining sustainability • When intervention has sustained • Critical features (i.e., selection, implementation)

  7. Topics - Included • Education (22) • Professional development (14) • Medical (4) • Mental health (4) • Higher education (3) • Community (2) • Other (2) • Business (1)

  8. Not Included • Quality of research (5) • Assessment protocol (1) • Public-private partnerships (2) • Evidence-based practices (1) • Implementation (7) • Program description (7) • Policy/standards (2)

  9. Type of Research • *Descriptive (17) • Position (9) • *Case study (9) • *Qualitative (7) • *Experimental-group/single subject (5) • Literature review (4) • Pilot (1) • Unknown (1) • * each had one longitudinal

  10. Evaluation(Could be multiple categories) • None mentioned (13) • NA (12) • Descriptive (9) • Outcome measure (6) • Survey/satisfaction (5) • Fidelity (2) • Post-hoc (1)

  11. What is Sustainability? • Phases of learning • Acquisition - early learning • Fluency - becomes automatic • Maintenance - durable over time • Generalization - across settings, people, etc. • Adaptation - changed to fit different settings

  12. Sustainability is a function of how well other dimensions are implemented (e.g., selection, adoption, early implementation, etc.) • (Elliot and Mihalic, 2004)

  13. Sustainability does not simply mean whether something will last. It addresses how particular initiatives can be developed without compromising the development of others in the surrounding environment now and in the future. • Hargreaves & Fink, 2006

  14. Definition- Features • None provided (36) • Learn/change/adapt/innovate (7) • Endure/maintain (5) • Resource management (4) • Part of culture (4) • Partnership (3) • Long term plan (2) • Local champion (1)

  15. Definition - Complexity • One feature (8) • Two features (4) • Three features (1) • Four features (0) • Five features (1)

  16. Critical Features • Elliott & Mihalic (2004) review Blueprint Model Programs (violence prevention and drug prevention programs) replication in community settings. Programs reviewed across 5 dimensions: • Site selection • Training • Technical assistance • Fidelity • Sustainability

  17. Features • Implementors - Who implemented • Exploration - Why look for program • Site Selection - Critical features • Practice Selection - Why selected • Implementation - Support/resources • Evaluation - of sustainability • Success & Challenges

  18. Implementers(Could be multiple categories) • Service providers (31) • NA (15) • Community/Agency (9) • Researchers/Consultants (7) • Administrators (7) • Leader/Champion (6) • Students (5) • Parents (3) • District/State (3) • Government (2)

  19. Exploration • None discussed (23) • NA or part of existing study (19) • Site goal (5) • Site need (3) • Capacity/Ready for change (2) • Policy/Initiative (2) • Research question (1)

  20. Site Selection • Beliefs/values (13) • Buy-in/Volunteer/support (13) • Research need (11) • NA (11) • Administrative support (9) • Policy (8) • Resources (6) • Prior success (6) • None (4) • Need (4) • Community support (4) • Fit with other initiative (3)

  21. Evalutation • None (13) • NA (11) • Descriptive (9) • Outcome measure (6) • Survey/Satisfaction (6) • Fidelity measure (2) • Post-hoc (1)

  22. Successes • Collaboration/Communication (18) • Integration w/ other initiatives (13) • Sense of community (11) • Resources & Supports (12) • Administrative (10) • Climate/Culture (6) • Access to Services (6) • Contextual-fit (6) • Use of evaluation (6)

  23. Policy (6) • Slow implementation (5) • Training & Skills (5) • Generalization (4) • Curriculum improvements (3) • Natural leaders emerged (3)

  24. Challenges • Resources/Supports (20) • Organizational structure (13) • Non-adaptable (12) • Training & skills (10) • Community (10) • Impact on other prgm (8) • Limited focus (6) • Policy (6) • Inconsistent implementation (5) • “Add-on” (4) • Staff turn-over (4)

  25. Summary • Broad range of topics/fields focusing on sustainability • Most information regarding successes and challenges • Most of the literature is descriptive with limited evaluation • Still need to learn more about critical features - process beginning to end

  26. Next Steps • Practice selection & Implementation • 2007-2010 review • Secondary review • About 20 articles review references • Literature review • Practitioner guide

  27. Initial Recommendations • Limited information about site prerequisites • Need, readiness • When choosing sites to implement with consider • Buy-in and fit with values of culture • Support such as administrator, resources, organizational structure and policy

  28. Implementation should include direct service providers, relevant stakeholders and at least one local champion/leader • In general success was attributed to • Collaboration and communication • Integrating/embedding w/existing practices • Methodical/slow implementation • Adapting practice/program to fit the culture • Access to resources

  29. Final Thought • Sustainability of initiatives is due in a large part to thoughtful selection, planning and early implementation

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