Reduction in losses incurred in power distribution

1. Reduction in losses incurred in power distribution

2. Introduction • The key mission of the Distribution function is to purchase and sell electrical and gas power. This is accounted for on a monthly basis through purchases from electricity producers through the electricity conveyance network and sales to two categories of users: • Users, supplied under Medium Voltage (MV) regime and who billed on a monthly basis. • Users, supplied under Low Voltage (LV) regime, who billed on a quarterly basis. • The quantities of power procured during a given month are not sold out. As a result, the control of energy losses is a daily challenge to be addressed. Introduction Formula for losses Loss components Short-term actions Synchronous measurements • Implementation • Organisation • Means and accountability Long-term actions Conclusion

3. Introduction • This analysis seeks to: • Gather knowledge on the origin of losses; • Come up with actions to be taken to ensure reduction in such losses, for: • A better productivity of the distribution network as a whole; • The increase in the billing ratio; • A better control of investment decisions. Introduction Formula for losses Loss components Short-term actions Synchronous measurements • Implementation • Organisation • Means and accountability Long-term actions Conclusion

4. The formula for losses Purchases Introduction Sales For MV users Formula for losses Loss components Short-term actions For LV users Synchronous measurements • Implementation • Organisation Losses • Means and accountability Long-term actions Losses = Purchases - Sales Conclusion Losses Rate of losses = Purchases

5. The formula for losses Introduction Formula for losses Loss components Short-term actions Synchronous measurements • Implementation • Organisation • Means and accountability Long-term actions Conclusion

6. Loss components Introduction Loss components Formula for losses Loss components Short-term actions Synchronous measurements Technical losses Non-technical losses: • Implementation • Organisation • MV technical losses (lines+transformers) (LMV) • LV technical lossess (LLV) • Technical losses to due exchanges (LTransit) • Losses due to the gap between purchases and sales • Energy fraud or theft • Level of management quality (Lmanagement) • Means and accountability Long-term actions Other actions Conclusion

7. Actions to undertake Introduction Actions to be undertaken must revolve around two (2) key thrusts: Formula for losses Loss components Short-term actions • Enforcement of daily management rules and procedures by the various stakeholders, • Monitoring, control and reporting on management actions Synchronous measurements • Implementation • Organisation • Means and accountability Long-term actions Conclusion

8. Short-term actions Purchase control Sales control Daily actions 8 • Perform the monthly adversarial recording of meter readings at the level of MV/LV stations, • Read the meter at the upstream MV feeder, • Record the inter DD and inter agency exchange points Introduction Formula for losses Loss components Short-term actions Synchronous measurements • Implementation • Ensure the smooth functioning of meters; • Ensure reliable meter reading; • Process reported cases efficiently; • Set up anti-fraud brigades; • Secure facilities; • Process with diligence claims concerning meter-reading /billing. • Organisation • Means and accountability Long-term actions • Sum up actions to be undertaken; • Facilitate the implementation of the short and medium term action plan; • Prioritise actions that help optimise results. Conclusion

9. Synchronous measurement Why synchronous? Introduction Formula for losses Loss components Short-term actions Synchronous measurements • Implementation • Organisation • Means and accountability Long-term actions The reading (PD substations and users) is performed concurrently, that is simultaneously Conclusion

10. Synchronous measurement The implementation strategy involves: Introduction Formula for losses Loss components • Splitting Distribution Directorates (DDs) into regions : North, Highlands and South; • Splitting DDs into rural or urban localities; • Listing the number of substations per DD and determine each DD’s weight ; • Determine the number of substations or feeders which will be measured. Short-term actions Synchronous measurements • Implementation • Organisation • Means and accountability Long-term actions Conclusion

11. Synchronous measurement Action 1 Action 2 Install meters on the outlet of PD substation transformers. We will thus be able to find out “the procurement by the substation”. To compare the energy recorded by the meter(s) of the substation with the sum of energy recorded on the meters for all LV users. Install meters on the outlet of PD substation transformers and consider them as « virtual Medium Voltage users ». One may thus compare the energy recorded by the feeder meter with the sums of energy recorded on the meters for all MV users and potential MV users. Once the sample determined by the heads of the Distribution Directorate, the reading campaign can be launched. Introduction Formula for losses Loss components Short-term actions Synchronous measurements • Implementation • Organisation • Means and accountability Long-term actions Conclusion

12. Organisation of synchronous measures En E4 E3 E1 E2 E • List the substations linked to the targeted feeder Identify the problematic switchyard (the most disrupted) HV/MV substation • Install the meter downstream of the MV/LV transformer for at least one month (Winter and Summer time); • Perform the first reading on the fist day of the month for all the substations linked to this feeder; • Perform the last reading on the last day of the month for all the stations linked to this feeder; Feeder 2 Feeder 1 Feeder 3 Feeder 4 • Record the index of the totalizing meter (E); MV Station • Compute the consumption of these substations for the month (∑En); Joint substation MV Station • Assess the MV losses PD Substation = ∑ of energies (En)+technical and non-technical MV losses Energy E

13. Synchronous measurements E3 e1 e4 ei e2 Problematic feeder Introduction Feeder 2 Formula for losses Loss components PD substation (MV/LV) Short-term actions Synchronous measurements • Implementation • Organisation • Means and accountability E3= ∑ ei E3=LV Sales + LossesLV Technical + LossesLV non-technical Long-term actions Conclusion • Categorise abnormalities noted (management, fraud, …); • Quantify the energy lost per category (using the specific consumption of the sample); • Assess the energy to make up for

14. Synchronous measurements 14 For a successful campaign of synchronous measures conducted within each Distribution company, one should have all the required (human, logistic…) resources. Introduction Formula for losses Loss components Short-term actions Synchronous measurements Decision-making • Implementation SDx • Organisation Work coordination company-wide • Means and accountability DCM Long-term actions Supervision of works in the field (1st entity in charge) Conclusion DD Monitoring and collection of data ensuing from the measurement campaign Commercial Agency

15. Long-term actions MV remote reading Remote reading LV remote reading Introduction • Upgrading of the electricity distribution network to: • Ensure the accuracy of measurements (decrease in human interventions through the dematerialization of the reading process); • Identify reading problems (remote surveillance of meters); • Reduce the rate of losses incurred by Distribution Directorates; • Improve services provided to customers; • Control inter-utility, inter-Distribution Directorate and inter-commercial agency exchange flows; • Put in place a measurement system for all public distribution stations; • Develop services provided to customers (reviews and studies) Formula for losses Loss components Short-term actions Synchronousmeasurements • Implementation • Organisation • Means and accountability Long-term actions Conclusion Objectives for 2013 Objectives for 2016

16. Long-term actions Other actions Introduction An effective action plan requires notably the implementation of a communication plan at the level of each Distribution Directorate and this must translated into: Formula for losses Loss components Short-term actions Synchronousmeasurements • The active participation in meetings planned by local authorities (town planning, infrastructure and housing development, land selection, etc.…); • The holding of meetings with (neighbourhood, professional associations…) and local authorities depending on the problem to be solved (fraud, safety, energy control, etc.…). • Implementation • Organisation • Means and accountability Long-term actions Conclusion

17. Conclusion 17 Introduction Formula for losses The losses of distributed and unaccounted for power can impact the financial profitability of Distribution utilities and service quality. It is relevant therefore to measure on an ongoing basis the indicators identified in the measurement analyses undertaken. Loss components Short-term actions Synchronousmeasurements • Implementation • Organisation • Means and accountability Long-term actions Conclusion

18. Thank you!.