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Ground Tackle

Ground Tackle. Ordinary Requirement 8. Ordinary Requirement 8. Describe five types of anchors. Describe how each type holds the bottom, the kind of bottom in which it holds best, and any other advantages or disadvantages. Name the parts of a stock and stockless anchor.

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Ground Tackle

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  1. Ground Tackle Ordinary Requirement 8

  2. Ordinary Requirement 8 • Describe five types of anchors. • Describe how each type holds the bottom, the kind of bottom in which it holds best, and any other advantages or disadvantages. • Name the parts of a stock and stockless anchor. • Demonstrate the ability to weigh and set anchor. • Reference • “Ground Tackle” page 147 Ordinary Requirement 8 - Ground Tackle

  3. Anchors • If you go boating long enough, sooner or later you're going to need to anchor.  • Knowledge of your anchoring equipment (called ground tackle) and the ability to use it is an absolute necessity.  • Examples of anchors include lightweight anchors such as Danforth, CQR, Delta Ordinary Requirement 8 - Ground Tackle

  4. Criteria for Anchor Selection • reliability to set • holding power • ability to withstand veering (or resetting qualities) • susceptibility to damage Ordinary Requirement 8 - Ground Tackle

  5. Parts of an Anchor • Ring • Key • Stock • Shank • Throat • Crown • Arm • Palm and Fluke • Pee or Bill Ordinary Requirement 8 - Ground Tackle

  6. Lightweight Anchors • Fisherman’s Anchor: • ideal for rocky or weedy bottoms as they can dig through the weed and hook cracks in the rock. • heavy for their holding power and can be hard to handle on a small boat. • Danforth Anchor:  • best known of this type (Danforth, Fortress, Florida) • Stockless, lightweight with good holding power in sand & mud  • has difficulty penetrating thick weeds or hard bottoms due to lightweight • Northill Anchor: • light and relatively efficient. • has a stock at the crown adding to its holding power when the flukes are buried. Ordinary Requirement 8 - Ground Tackle

  7. Lightweight Anchors • CQR or Plow Anchor: • looks and performs like a plow.  • holds well on almost any type of bottom conditions.  • heavy and very difficult to stow unless you have a bow pulpit and roller. • Delta Anchor: • designed to "self launch" off a bow roller - slide off the front of the roller as soon as the chain is eased. • requires a suitable bow fitting to make use of this characteristic • Bruce Anchor:  • looks and performs like a plow anchor.  • easy to set.  • won’t penetrate deep – good for a lunch stop Ordinary Requirement 8 - Ground Tackle

  8. Other Anchors • Mushroom:  The mushroom will sink down into the mud or sand.  • If left long enough, it will have tremendous holding power.  • Most permanent moorings use a large mushroom anchor. • Grapnel Anchor: This is the anchor to use for rocky bottoms. • The hooks will hook under rocks. Ordinary Requirement 8 - Ground Tackle

  9. Heavyweight Anchors • Navy Anchor • Has no stock and therefore cannot foul the cable • Effectiveness depends on weight and bottom conditions • Not effective for small craft Ordinary Requirement 8 - Ground Tackle

  10. Anchor Loading • Anchors are rated by their horizontal load capabilities. • When looking for an anchor, check the manufacturer's stated horizontal holding power.  • If you have any doubt, remember that an anchor that's a little too big is much better than an anchor that's a little too small! • Here are some approximate horizontal load requirements for various boat lengths: Ordinary Requirement 8 - Ground Tackle

  11. Anchor Rode • Your anchor line is called a rode.  • Nylon line is the best choice here because of its strength and ability to stretch.  • a good idea to have a 6-foot to 12-foot piece of chain between the anchor and the nylon line.  • The chain really helps to keep the anchor (stock) parallel with the bottom and also acts as a shock absorber. • Your anchor rode must be long enough to create a horizontal, rather than vertical, pull on your anchor.  • Anchors are designed to dig in deeper when they are pulled horizontally.  • They are also designed to come free when pulled vertically. Ordinary Requirement 8 - Ground Tackle

  12. Anchor Scope • Simple formula calculates the proper scope (length) of rode you need.  • Take the height of the boat's bow from the water line and add it to the depth of the water. • In this example, we'll say the height of the bow from the water line is 3 feet, and the depth of the water is 12 feet. • In normal conditions (some wind and some waves), multiply the total height by a factor of 7. • Example:   15 feet x 7 = 105 feet of rode needed • In rough conditions, multiply the total by a factor of 10. • Example:   15 feet x 10 = 150 feet of rode needed Ordinary Requirement 8 - Ground Tackle

  13. Discuss with your crew which procedures you plan to use, and who is going to do what. Decide on which hand signals you will use to communicate with your crew. Get the anchor out on deck and lay out the anchor line. Make sure that it's not snarled and is ready for deployment. Make sure the line is securely attached to the anchor. Approach the spot where you are going to anchor with your bow going up into the wind. Stop the boat over your selected spot and lower the anchor straight down to the bottom. Back off slowly down wind, deploying about 1/2 the needed scope. Stop the boat. Snub off the line on a cleat and back off slowly. The boat should come to a stop as the anchor bites in and sets. Let out the rest of the line and secure it. Find a prominent landmark on shore and make sure the angle between it and you does not change. By doing this, you'll help make sure that the anchor is holding. How to Set Anchor Ordinary Requirement 8 - Ground Tackle

  14. How to Weigh Anchor • When you are ready to leave, start your engine and slowly approach your anchor, following the hand signals of the crew retrieving the line. • When the anchor line is straight up and down, the anchor should come free from the bottom. Get the anchor aboard, being careful not to let it bang against the boat. • If the anchor is stuck, try moving everybody as far forward as possible, and then snub off the anchor line. Then have everybody move to the stern. This should pop the anchor out of the bottom. • Make sure the anchor and the line are clean before you put them away. Ordinary Requirement 8 - Ground Tackle

  15. Tips • Never throw an anchor. Not only is it dangerous, it makes the "thrower" look like a jerk. • Watch those fingers when deploying the anchor line or snubbing it off on a cleat! A boat exerts a lot of force. • Make sure nobody's feet or legs are caught in or on the anchor line as it's being deployed. • Check the condition of your ground tackle often. Rocks or shells on the bottom can easily damage and weaken your equipment. • If possible, your boat should carry a second anchor that you can use to keep your boat from swinging too far. Ordinary Requirement 8 - Ground Tackle

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