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Section 2.1 Geo Words

Section 2.1 Geo Words. Geologist. A scientist who studies the materials, processes, and history of the Earth. Geoscience. A scientist who studies the processes of the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere on Earth and other planets. atmosphere. cryosphere. biosphere.

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Section 2.1 Geo Words

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  1. Section 2.1 Geo Words

  2. Geologist • A scientist who studies the materials, processes, and history of the Earth.

  3. Geoscience • A scientist who studies the processes of the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere on Earth and other planets. atmosphere cryosphere biosphere geosphere

  4. Crust • The thin, solid, outermost layer of Earth.

  5. Oceanic crust • The crustal rocks that underlie the ocean basin.

  6. Continental Crust The crustal rocks that underlie the continents

  7. Mantle • The zone of Earth below the crust and above the core. It is divided into the upper mantle and lower mantle with a transition zone between.

  8. Core • The central part of Earth; it is divided into an outer core that may be liquid and an inner core that may be solid

  9. Lithosphere • Earth’s crust and the uppermost part of the mantle Lithosphere

  10. Asthenosphere • Lower part of Earth’s mantle that can flow very slowly

  11. Lithospheric plate • A rigid, thin segment of the crust and part of the upper mantle. A lithospheric plate can be assumed to move horizontally and adjoins other plates.

  12. Convergent plate boundary • A region where two (or more) lithospheric plates move toward one another and collide

  13. Divergent plate boundary • A region where lithospheric plates are moving away from each other

  14. Transform boundary • A region where lithospheric plates are moving horizontally in relation to one another

  15. Plate Tectonics • A theory in which the lithosphere is divided into a number of plates that move relative to one another

  16. Volcano • A vent in the surface of Earth through which magma and associated gases and ash erupt.

  17. Lava • Fluid rock that comes out of a volcano

  18. Mid-ocean ridge • A continuous mountain range extending through the North and South Atlantic Oceans, the Indian Ocean, and the South Pacific Ocean.

  19. Rift Valley • The deep central cleft in the crest of the mid-ocean ridge

  20. Ring of Fire • Area surrounding the Pacific Ocean basin where a large number of volcanoes and earthquakes occur due to subduction.

  21. Hot Spot • A fixed source of abundant rising magma that forms a volcanic center that has persisted for tens of millions of years

  22. Seamount • An elevation of the seafloor, 1000 m or higher, either flat topped or peaked

  23. Earthquake • A sudden motion or shaking in Earth, caused by the abrupt release of slowly accumulated strain.

  24. Seismic (earthquake) wave • A general term for all elastic waves in Earth produced by earthquakes or generated artificially by explosion. It is the red circles

  25. Focus (plural: foci) • The point of an earthquake within Earth where rupture first occurs to cause an earthquake

  26. Epicenter • The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake

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