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Intellectual Change

Intellectual Change. Humanism Education Political Thought Secular Spirit Christian Humanism The Printed Word. Italian Renaissance Humanism. Classical Revival Petrarch (1304 – 1374) Humanism in Fifteenth-Century Italy Leonardo Bruni (1370 – 1444) New Cicero Lorenzo Valla (1407 – 1457)

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Intellectual Change

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  1. Intellectual Change • Humanism • Education • Political Thought • Secular Spirit • Christian Humanism • The Printed Word

  2. Italian Renaissance Humanism • Classical Revival • Petrarch (1304 – 1374) • Humanism in Fifteenth-Century Italy • Leonardo Bruni (1370 – 1444) • New Cicero • Lorenzo Valla (1407 – 1457) • Humanism and Philosophy • Marsilio Ficino (1433 – 1499) • Translates Plato’s dialogues • Synthesis of Christianity and Platonism • Renaissance Hermeticism • Ficino, Corpus Hermeticum • Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463 – 1494), Oration on the Dignity of Man

  3. Education, History, and the Impact of Printing • Education in the Renaissance • Liberal Studies: history, moral philosophy, eloquence (rhetoric), letters (grammar and logic), poetry, mathematics, astronomy and music • Education of women • Aim of education was to create a complete citizen • Humanism and History • Secularization • Guicciardini (1483 – 1540), History of Italy, History of Florence • The Impact of Printing • Johannes Gutenberg • Movable type (1445 – 1450) • Gutenberg’s Bible (1455 or 1456) • The spread of printing

  4. The Artist and Social Status • Early Renaissance • Artists as craftsmen • High Renaissance • Artists as heroes

  5. Central, Eastern, and Ottoman Empires • Central Europe: The Holy Roman Empire • Habsburg Dynasty • Maximilian I (1493 – 1519) • The Struggle for Strong Monarchy in Eastern Europe • Poland • Hungary • Russia • The Ottoman Turks and the End of the Byzantine Empire • Seljuk Turks spread into Byzantine territory + • Initial invasions (1000 AD – 1300s) • Constantinople falls to the Turks (1453)

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