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The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 CE

Chapter Five AP World History Ms. Tully. The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 CE. Common Themes in Classical Civilizations. Expansion Integration Unification Decline. Beyond the Classical Civilizations. Africa: Kush, Axum, and Ethiopia Japan & Shintoism

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The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 CE

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  1. Chapter Five AP World History Ms. Tully The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 CE

  2. Common Themes in Classical Civilizations • Expansion • Integration • Unification • Decline

  3. Beyond the Classical Civilizations • Africa: Kush, Axum, and Ethiopia • Japan & Shintoism • Northern Europe: Teutonic and Celtic Peoples • Mesomerica: Olmecs • Polynesia • Nomadic societies

  4. Expansion & Integration: China • Expansion to west and south • Language unity • Greater political centralization • Zhou – feudalism • Qin – eliminate feudalism, strong centralized gov’t • Han – educated bureaucracy, strong centralized gov’t

  5. Decline: China • Began around 100 CE • Heavy taxes on peasants • Poor harvests • Decline of interest in Confucianism • Weak emperors and influence of army generals • New epidemics • Invasions by Huns and other nomadic tribes • Yellow Turban Rebellion 184 CE • Three Kingdoms Era until Sui dynasty in 589 CE

  6. Expansion, Integration, Decline: India • Expansion – regional gov’t • Integration – Hinduism • Decline – Hun Invasions • Arrival of Islam after 600 CE

  7. Expansion, Integration, Decline: Greece • Use of common language • Unification of Persian war • Disunity & Peloponnesian War • Decline

  8. Expansion & Integration: Rome • Common law • Political & religious tolerance • Extensive trade network • Golden Age until 180

  9. Decline: Rome • Most disruptive collapse • Decline began by 180 CE • Multiple factors • Epidemics • Cultural decline • Decentralization

  10. The Byzantine Empire • Diocletian’s division • Constantine and Constantinople • Greek language, Roman political tone • Justinian (527-565 CE) • Connections with Middle East • Lasted until 1453

  11. Western Europe • Fall of Rome reduced level of civilization – Dark Ages • Germanic kingdoms • Sense of inferiority • Spread of Christianity

  12. Buddhism • Spread outside of India • Bodhisattvas • Shift from ethics to emotion • Mahayana Buddhism • Buddhism and women in China  Syncretism • Chinese resistance • Daoist reaction • Buddhism also spread to Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand

  13. Christianity • Emphasis on church organization and structure • Missionary activity & widespread conversions • Exclusive nature of truth & intolerance

  14. The Beginning of Christianity • Jewish reform movement • Jesus of Nazareth • Emphasis on behavior and rituals • Growth of Christianity • Paul of Tarsus • Formalization of doctrine  New Testament

  15. The Growth of Christianity • Periodic persecution • Constantine’s conversion • The Church & the Pope • St. Augustine and theology • Syncretism in Christianity • Monasticism • Appeal to political leaders • New Culture

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