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Ablative Absolute

Ablative Absolute. Latin II Chapter V. Ablative Absolute. This construction is used to denote the time or circumstances of an action. It usually carries an idea of time , cause , or condition .

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Ablative Absolute

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  1. Ablative Absolute Latin II Chapter V

  2. Ablative Absolute • This construction is used to denote the time or circumstances of an action. • It usually carries an idea of time, cause, or condition. • It is grammatically unconnected to the rest of the sentence; has no direct connection with either the subject or the predicate. • Equivalent to an English adverbial phrase.

  3. The Three Ways to Construct an Ablative Absolute • Noun + Noun • Noun + Adjective • Noun + Participle

  4. Noun + Noun • Two nouns that are both in the ablative case There is no participle for the verb sum esse, so insert being with this construction • Caesare duce, ….. • With Caesar being the commander …. • Since Caesar is the commander….

  5. Noun + Adjective • A noun and an adjective that are both in the ablative case There is no participle for the verb sum esse, so insert being with this construction • Caesare invito, ….. • With Caesar being unwilling …. • Since Caesar is unwilling….

  6. Noun + Participle • A noun and a participle (usually the perfect passive participle) that are both in the ablative case This is the most common construction for the ablative absolute! • Caesare tenente imperium, ….. • With Caesar holding the power …. • Since Caesar is holding the power….  Note the since the participle still retains some properties of verbs, it can still take a direct object!

  7. How to translate? The best way to translate the ablative absolute is to use some type of adverbial conjunction, such as: whensinceasbecausealthough afterwithifunder

  8. For example • These things having been heard….. • When these things were heard….. • Since these things were heard….. • After these things were heard….. • Because these things were heard….. • If these things were heard….. • Although these things were heard….. His rebus auditis ….. and so on…….

  9. The Ablative Absolute has certain characteristics that you should look for: • It must contain a noun or pronoun in the ablative case • Most of the time it will also contain a perfect passive participle (also in the ablative case!) • Because these are regularly declined, you already know what endings to look for: -ā, -ō, -īs • It often (but not always) begins a Latin sentence. In most textbooks,the ablative absolutes are set off by commas.

  10. Any questions?

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