ROE SCENARIO TRAINING

1. ROE SCENARIO TRAINING

2. INCIDENT 1 While conducting observation and security operations, you observe two individuals wearing black ski masks, one is carrying an AK-47 & the other has a RPG launcher. You see them tactically maneuvering down an alley in your direction. What can you do?

3. 10 Countdown 1. What can you do? • Observe only: A weapon is not enough to establish hostile intent. • Shoot – masks and dark clothing during the day=hostile intent • Since they have weapons, wearing ski masks, and moving tactically. Hostile Intent is established. • Be prepared to shoot, but confirm or double check with Higher (for example, in some places the police wear ski masks to hide their identity and they may even have RPGs).

4. INCIDENT 2 While conducting observation and security operations, your unit observes an individual carrying an RPG on the roof of a building, and getting in the prone position. What can you do?

5. 10 Countdown 2. What can you do? • Observe only: Possessing an RPG on a building is not hostile intent. • Shoot: Clear Hostile Intent. • Having a weapon (RPG) on a roof in the prone position is probably enough to establish Hostile Intent. • Be prepared to shoot, but confirm with Higher that you are not overlooking anything if you have time. • Call Higher to determine what is the recent level of hostile activity in this area? Have friendly forces received fire from this area recently? Are there any local security forces operating in the area? Is there any legitimate reason for this behavior?

6. INCIDENT 3 Your unit is conducting a cordon and search. You observe four local males acting suspiciously. As you dismount to investigate, two of the men begin to run away from you. • Is this a Hostile Act or Hostile Intent? • What can you do?

7. 10 Countdown 3. What can you do? • You may attempt to detain them for tactical questioning. If you detain them, use non-lethal force and do not harm those that are not a threat. • Observe only: Report to Higher. • Fire Warning shots to get them to stop. • Engage/Shoot - they are probably insurgents or terrorists. • Based on these facts, running away from you is NOT ENOUGH to establish a Hostile Act or Hostile Intent. You can do nothing.

8. INCIDENT 4 You are in a five-vehicle convoy moving down the road in mid-afternoon at 60 mph. As you prepare to pass under an overpass you observe an adult male, with a grenade-sized object in his hand, looking over the pedestrian railing above your lane. What can you do?

9. 10 Countdown 4. What can you do? • Turn around or immediately drive off the road to avoid going under the bridge. Report to Higher for instructions. • Scare the man by aiming your weapon on him. You should, however, not open fire on someone simply standing on an overpass. • Given your speed, it would be difficult to see the object in the person’s hand. However, dropping grenades from an overpass may be an enemy TTP in your AO. Shoot at the bridge to deter him. • If you observe the man acting as if he is going to throw/drop a grenade, you may engage the person with deadly force based upon a demonstration of hostile intent.

10. INCIDENT 5 While in a convoy, you notice an individual crouched behind a tree next to the route you are traveling. In front of the individual and closer to the road, you see something that resembles a trash bag or dead animal What can you do?

11. 10 Countdown 5. What can you do? • Shoot – Hostile Intent = this is someone emplacing an IED. • Turn around, drive off the road, or stop the convoy and approach on foot. • What are the enemy TTPs in the AO? Is this a common IED or ambush? If yes, Engage. • Observe and proceed with caution. A digging person is not hostile intent or a hostile act. You may stop and question him if it is safe to do so. • Observe and be prepared to engage. Just aiming your weapon at them may be enough to scare him off.

12. INCIDENT 6 You are in a three-vehicle convoy moving toward your FOB. It’s dark but the road is clear and there are no other vehicles in the area. Suddenly, a sedan rapidly approaches the convoy from the rear. You train your .50 cal Heavy Machine Gun on the car and notice that the passenger in the vehicle appears to be reaching for something on the floor of his vehicle. What can you do?

13. 10 Countdown 6. What can you do? • Shoot without hesitation. The person is likely reaching for a weapon. • Shoot a Warning Shot. • At this point, you should not fire your weapon. Without more information, there are not enough facts to determine hostile act or hostile intent. • You always have the right to self-defense, but you must determine whether the car is demonstrating hostile intent or committing a hostile act. Before engaging with deadly force., Use EOF measures (i.e. hand signals, water bottles, flares, etc.) as the situation permits in order to develop the situation.

14. INCIDENT 7 Your squad is guarding a Traffic Control Point (TCP). On the side of the road about 75 meters down from your position, you notice a group of about 10 men moving suspiciously towards your position. The men are in civilian attire, and one of them appears to be carrying a rifle. Applying EOF, you signal and shout for them to halt, but they ignore you and keep moving. They also ignore a warning shot from one of your soldiers and it appears they are spreading out and dropping into firing positions. What can you do?

15. 10 Countdown 7. What can you do? • Observe only: Just having a weapon and moving to the ground is not enough to establish hostile intent. • Engage – this man with the rifle is demonstrating hostile intent. • You may respond to this threat with appropriate force. Appropriate force includes deadly force in this situation. • Engage. Hostile intent is demonstrated by the following acts: The group has demonstrated hostile intent. They have disobeyed your lawful commands to halt. They appear to be maneuvering around your position. One is armed. They have dropped into firing positions. • Withdraw your weapons, move your forces into firing positions, and begin to shout warnings and use EOF measures.

16. INCIDENT 8 At the same TCP, a white Toyota approaches your TCP. The driver gets out and starts taking pictures of your TCP with his camera. When you shout for him to stop, he jumps back in his car and starts to drive away. What can you do at this point?

17. 8. What can you do? • Observe and report to your chain of command. A civilian without a weapon was not hostile intent. • Pursue the car in order to apprehend the driver. Taking pictures of your check point is suspicious behavior. • Taking pictures is not a hostile act or demonstrated hostile intent. Therefore, you cannot engage the vehicle. However, you may stop the driver for suspicious behavior. • During pursuit, If the driver or passengers in the vehicle commit a hostile act (pointing or firing a weapon, attempting to run your forces off the road), they may be engaged.

18. INCIDENT 9 Your squad is patrolling the city streets. As you move through your sector, you identify a crowd of 50 men in the street about 200 meters in front of you. Some of the people in the crowd have sticks, hammers, clubs, and plastic soda bottles that could be Molotov cocktails, but you see no firearms.

19. 10 Countdown 9. What can you do? • Report to Higher of the crowd’s presence and its activity. If they will not respond or cannot respond in a timely manner, you should try to disperse the crowd. • Report to Higher for further instructions. Be prepared to use EOF measures. Stay alert and be prepared to act against any demonstration of hostile intent or a hostile act. You may detain anyone purposefully interfering with your mission or for reasons of self-defense. • Immediately detain the crowd. They have weapons which may be used with deadly force • Return to your base of operations since you cannot proceed down this street.

20. INCIDENT 10 Your squad is patrolling a ten-block section of downtown. As your column of HMMWVs turns down a narrow street, a crowd forms and begins to press in around you. Your squad leader exits his vehicle to calm the crowd and clear a path for the vehicles. Suddenly, a man in civilian attire steps out of a side-alley, pulls a pistol and shoots him in the neck. Before you can react, the shooter runs into the crowd and can no longer be seen. What can you do?

21. 10. What can you do? • Order your squad to shoot towards the crowd to get them to disperse in order to spot the enemy shooter. • You must not fire into the crowd because you do not have PID of shooter. • Remain in Place in a secure defense, if possible. Report to Higher .Treat your Squad leader. • If you have nonlethal weapons for crowd control, immediately use them. Weapons like tear gas, rubber bullets, and bean bags are specifically designed for this situations.

22. INCIDENT 11 You are on patrol and come under attack from small arms fire directly in front of you. You take cover and as you prepare to return fire, you notice 3 members of the national police standing with AK-47s near where you believe to be the point of origin of the small arms fire. What is your response?

23. 10 Countdown 11. What is your response? • You should not fire, unless you have PID that the police is the source of the threat. • Defend yourself and return fire in the direction of the hostile fire regardless of the position of the police. • You never lose the inherent right of self defense. You can defend yourself even against the police if they are committing a hostile act or demonstrating hostile intent. • Do nothing but take cover and report the incident to the chain of command.

24. INCIDENT 12 Your six-vehicle convoy has halted on the outskirts of a populated area due to a vehicle breakdown. The convoy commander has assessed that the area is secure enough to stop and attempt repairs. He orders the use of Night-Vision Goggles (NVGs). A crowd of locals gathers around your vehicles. In spite of your warnings, some teenagers move closer to your vehicle. Before you can react, one of the locals has a pair of NVGs and is running away.

25. 10 Countdown 12. What can you do? • Nothing. This is not hostile intent or a hostile act. Report the incident. • Try to shoot the thief – the NVGs are mission essential. • Time permitting, you should use EOF measures to stop the thief. If you are unable, you may use deadly force to prevent the theft of the NVGs (which have been designated by the OSC being mission essential). • You may only use certain EOF measures including verbal warnings, showing your weapons, physical restraint and flares. • Get ready to pay a really expensive bill.

26. INCIDENT 13 You are assigned nighttime guard duty outside of a major FOB one evening. You notice an individual in civilian clothing climbing over the wall to gain entry into the base. What can you do?

27. 13. What can you do? • Observe only: contact your chain of command. • Engage by firing in the entire location of the breach whether or not you can see the jumper. • Engage the jumper with deadly force if you can see him in order to protect the restricted military area. • Leave your post and approach the area of the breach with caution to attempt to talk with the jumper. It may be a young confused youth or a drunk, UA Soldier. • Approach the jumper after leaving your post; use of deadly force is authorized in such situations.

28. QUESTIONS? Questions