INDIVIDUAL SOLDIER ROE

1. INDIVIDUAL SOLDIER ROE

2. H – You may immediately engage Hostiles E - Use your Escalation of Force procedures to help identify potential threats and to put yourself in a better defensive posture R – Remember theRestrictionsunder law of war and the ROE O – You have Operational Authority to use force to Protect Designated Persons and Property “HERO” – Rules of Engagement Memory Tool

3. If you have Positive ID (“Reasonable certainty”) of Hostile Acts Hostile Forces Hostile Intent A Hostile Act is your most common, easily PID’d threat, E.g., They are in the process of firing at you They are pointing a weapon at you aggressively PID of a Hostile Force – the least common threat, E.g., Uniforms? Military vehicles/markings? A Big sign that says “Al Qaeda ‘R Us”? You May Engage “HOSTILES”

4. Hostile Intent is a “Threat of Imminent Use of Force” Preparing to draw/mount a weapon aggressively Maneuvering for tactical advantage while armed Charging into threat range (IED/Edged Weapon) Hostile Intent is the most critical threat because the insurgent will not “telegraph” their attacks Hardest to Identify Easiest to Make a Mistake Remember “Action beats Reaction” – Slow PID increases your danger How do you PID “Hostile Intent”?

5. Silhouette – Check entire person Hands – Weapons in their hand Kit - Equipment, holster, sling, other indicators of weapon on their waistline/body Area – Weapons in Immediate area (easy grabbing distance or wingspan) Nastiness – Aggressive demeanor, stance, expression, noncompliance “SHKAN” –Systematic Visual Technique to Look for Threat Indicators

6. Hostile? • 5 Point Scan • Silhouette • Hands • Kit • Area • Nastiness

7. Hostile? • 5 Point Scan • Silhouette • Hands • Kit • Area • Nastiness

8. Hostile? • Silhouette • Hands • Kit • Area • Nastiness

9. EOF are a set of tools to PID “suspicious behavior” and improve your force protection EOF can help reduce firing of weapons and unnecessary loss of civilian/friendly lives The acronym on the next slide helps to prepare/plan for EOF – train on how to set yourself up to use the non-lethal measures without sacrificing your ability to respond with deadly force when you need to E – Escalation of Force (EOF) Procedures

10. If time and circumstances permit, SHOUT Warnings to Stop SHOW Weapon SHOVE, Restrain or Detain SHOOT Warning SHOOT to Disable Vehicle SHOOT to Eliminate Threat DO NOT HAVE TO GO THROUGH EACH STEP IF THE SITUATION DOES NOT SAFELY ALLOW! EOF - “The 6 Ss”

11. This step in the EOF procedure reminds us to communicate a challenge to the suspicious person or vehicle Includes verbal and visual techniques Remember to allocate duties between the “contact” and “cover” teams to avoid increasing danger to Soldiers Contact uses communications tools Cover is prepared to engage at all times “SHOUT”

12. Pashto (Southern Afghanistan) – “Ashkar Amrikayi! Wo da riga Awya De!” Farsi (N. of Kabul) – “As karoo Amnikoo! Dresh ya fire may kenoom!” Urdu (Pakistan) – “Amriki Forge Ruckjow! Warnagoli ma-roon go!” Arabic (Iraq/Kuwait/etc) – “Al Kowat at Amrikia! Kef ow Atlook al nar!” “American Forces! Stop or I Will Fire” in Local Languages

13. Stationary Signs Signal Flags Loud Speaker Serpentines Lights Lasers Signal Flares Moving Signs Horn/Air Horn Water Bottles Signal Flares Powder Bags Flashbangs “SHOUT” – Visual Substitutes

14. Displaying Weapons to Signal your Intent Weapons Orientation Positioning Crew Served Weapons or Combat Vehicles In Iraq – Pistols can be more “powerful” “SHOW”

15. Non-Deadly force to stop, slow, or ID suspicious behavior or to maintain dominance Combatives techniques Physical Barriers/Serpentines/Stop Strips Vehicular blocking techniques in convoys “SHOVE”

16. Shots to Warn (If authorized) In vicinity of threat but in safe direction Signals your willingness to use force Use Backstop when feasible Shots to Disable Vehicle (Consider Weapon) Tires, Engine Block, Windows Shots to Kill Lethal or Incapacitating Shot Placement “SHOOT-SHOOT-SHOOT”

17. Remember the General Principles of the Law of War Military Necessity Avoid Unnecessary Suffering Discrimination/Distinction Proportionality Limit Collateral Damage Restrictions on certain type Weapons Approvals for Certain operations/engagements Avoid engaging noncombatants or certain property R – Remember your Restrictions under the ROE/LOW

18. A hostile individual who surrenders or is “Out of Combat” Civilians/Protected Persons Medical Facilities Historical Facilities Civilian/Women & Children Facilities (schools/daycare) Infrastructure Facilities Lines of Communication Facilities Economic Facilities Restrictions - Persons or Property we Should Not Engage without PID of Threat

19. Command has authorized us to use force to defend certain types of people, units, or property O – You have Operational Authority to Defend Designated Persons and Property

20. You/your unit Detainees Civilians Personnel designated by the commander People I have Operational Authority to Defend

21. CENTCOM-designated property Property designated by OSC Property I have Operational Authority to Defend

22. H – You may immediately engage Hostiles (Acts, Forces, Intent) You can use the “SHKAN” to search for threat indicators E - Use your Escalation of Force procedures to help identify potential threats and to put yourself in a better defensive posture The 6Ss (Shout, Show, Shove, Shoot-Warn, Shoot-Disable, Shoot-Kill) R – Remember theRestrictionsunder law of war and the ROE O – You have Operational Authority to use force to Protect Designated Persons and Property “HERO” – Rules of Engagement Memory Tool

23. Ensure Soldiers are trained on the ROE Ensure ROE is properly applied during planning and execution of operations Use all necessary means available and take all appropriate actions to defend their unit and other US Forces in the vicinity from a hostile act or demonstration of hostile intent Commander Responsibilities

24. International Borders Commander’s Responsibility in Targeting PID Collateral Damage Estimate Proportionality Approval Authority Types of Kinetic Strikes Troops in Contact Preplanned Strikes Fleeting Targets Time Sensitive Targets Other Leader Considerations

25. Cordon and Search Mosque Operations & Detention of Clerics Approval Authorities for Information Operations Riot Control Agents (RCA) & Riot Control Means (RCM) Mines RUF for Detainee Operations Other Leader Considerations

26. TLOs References General Concepts Soldier Responsibilities (the three takeaways) HERO SHKAN EOF - The 6 Ss Commander’s Responsibilities Agenda