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UNDERSTANDING FUNDAMENTALISM

UNDERSTANDING FUNDAMENTALISM . CROSS-CULTURAL APPLICATION. WHO ARE FUNDAMENTALISTS?. Religious Groups arising to: 1. Respond to Crises of identity 2. Struggle against Modernity and Secularization They tend to view: 1. “Others” as opponents and ‘contaminators’

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UNDERSTANDING FUNDAMENTALISM

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  1. UNDERSTANDING FUNDAMENTALISM CROSS-CULTURAL APPLICATION

  2. WHO ARE FUNDAMENTALISTS? • Religious Groups arising to: 1. Respond to Crises of identity 2. Struggle against Modernity and Secularization • They tend to view: 1. “Others” as opponents and ‘contaminators’ 2. “Historical consciousness” as heretical 3. Male leaders as authorized interpreters

  3. Fundamentalism: affirmation of religious authority as holistic and absolute modern phenomenon Fundamentalism and Modernism not binary opposites In dialectical relationship Modernism: search for individual autonomy Modernity: index of human life shaped by technicalization and rationalization MODERNISM AND FUNDAMENTALISM

  4. Fundamentalism and Truth • “Regime of Truth” (Foucault) • TRUTH: not as an eternal, inherent characteristic of statements, but as a system of ordered procedures for the production, regulation, distribution, circulation, and operation of true statements. • TRUTH: linked with systems of power which produce and sustain it. A regime.

  5. IDEOLOGY • Frameworks of thinking and calculation about the world • ‘Ideas’ to figure out how the social world works • ‘Ideas’ to understand one’s place in society and what one ought to do in it • Disseminated through a network of institutional and discursive apparatuses

  6. Fundamentalism and Orthodoxy • Essential differences: • Orthodoxy = a consensus through time, based upon ancient rules and precepts, derived from divine revelation • Fundamentalism = orthodoxy in confrontation with modernity • Modern World Order = rational, pluralist, dualist (public/private), secularist

  7. THREE OPTIONS FOR RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS • Withdrawal from engagement with modernity (Amish, Hasidic Judaism, etc) • Accommodation with social and cultural forces (conformity with materialism…..) • Resistance to the modern world (defensive reaction against the “world-disaffirming” qualities inherent to the modern world

  8. RELIGIOUS IDEOLOGY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY • Integrity of faith and future of the nation are entwined (Gush Emunim) “The Land of Israel, for the people of Israel according to this Torah of Israel.” • Sikh fundamentalism and the State of Khalistan (the Pure Land) • Islamic fundamentalism and a quest for an Islamic state

  9. SCRIPTURALISM • Religious Authority founded upon literal reading of scriptural text • Scripture defines symbolic boundaries between GOOD and EVIL, RIGHT and WRONG • Distinguishes between “insider/outside” • Defines absolute standards of life and thought

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