The Start of the Civil War

1. Lincoln is the only U.S. President to receive a patent. The device was to help ships avoid inadvertent grounding. • Lincoln had two siblings, Thomas and Sarah. Thomas died in infancy and Sarah died in childbirth at the age of twenty. • Abraham Lincoln is the tallest U.S. President at 6' 4". • Before becoming a lawyer and politician, Lincoln worked as a rail-splitter, flatboatman, storekeeper, postmaster and surveyor. • Mary Todd and Lincoln's engagement was broken off before they reconciled and married. • Only one of Abraham Lincoln's four sons outlived him. • Barack Obama took the Oath of Office on a bible that was used by Abraham Lincoln at his first inauguration in 1861. Ironically, the man who administered Lincoln's oath was Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney who authored the Supreme Court's ruling on the infamous Dred Scott decision.

2. The war years were difficult for Abraham Lincoln and his family. After his young son Willie died of typhoid fever in 1862, the emotionally fragile Mary Lincoln, widely unpopular for her frivolity and spendthrift ways, held seances in the White House in the hopes of communicating with him, earning her even more derision.

3. The Start of the Civil War

4. Abraham Lincoln “ A house divided can not stand.”

5. What is the war about? #1 REASON: STATE’S RIGHTS The South believed their rights were being taken away. Their way of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness was being challenged. Southern slavery contributed to their way of life and success.

6. Secession! #1 South Carolina  Dec. 20, 1860

7. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 • Confederate officials began seizing federal-mint branches, arsenals, and military posts. • Fort Sumter was a Federal outpost in Charleston, SC.

8. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 • Confederate forces asked for its surrender. • Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies. • Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861.  • FortSumter fell 34 hours later. • The Civil War began.

9. The first shots at Fort Sumter brought … Quote, “every soldier in the harbor to his feet, every man, woman and child in Charleston from their bed.”

11. Lincoln’s Response You are either with us or against us. Decide! • Lincoln declared the South to in a state of rebellion. • He asked for each state 75,000 militiamen to put down the rebellion. • Each state had to decide: secede or stay in the union.

12. Stephen Douglas stands behind Lincoln “There can be no neutrals in this, only patriots-or traitors.”

13. Border States • Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri-slaves states that did not join the Confederacy. • Kentucky and Missouri controlled important rivers. • People in border states were deeply divided! Lincoln’s own wife had four brothers fighting for the confederacy. • Lincoln sent federal troops to the border states to keep them in the union.

14. Rating the North & South

15. Railroad Lines, 1860

16. Resources: North & South

17. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

18. The Union & Confederacy in 1861

19. Secession!: Post Fort Sumter

20. Overview of Northern Advantages • Larger population • North 22 million • South Only 9 million • More ships • Larger, more efficient railroad system • Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicated • More industry - 81% of nation’s factories • Better banking system to raise $ for the war • 75% of nation’s wealth

21. Overview of Northern Advantages • Wealth produced: • Factory production • Textile goods produced • Iron production • Coal production • Farm acreage • Livestock • Wheat production • Corn production

22. Overview of Northern Disadvantages • Fought on Southern lands • Divided support for the war • Many believed the South had good chance of winning

23. Overview of Southern Advantages • Fighting a defensive war • Local support of all men • familiar with terrain • Motivation: seeking independence, unified support • Short communication lines/ friendly population • Experienced officers- (Lee, Jackson, Pickett) • Cotton - necessary for textile factories of England and France • Slave Labor in the early part of the war

24. Overview of Southern Disadvantages • Smaller population • Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies • Poor transportation system • Weak federal government = not strong enough to control Southern states • Jefferson Davis did not have complete power like Lincoln

25. OverviewNorth’sCivil WarStrategy: “Anaconda”Plan • Goal: surround the Confederacy and squeeze them into submission

26. The Anaconda Plan • Capture Richmond and force surrender • Force out Confederates from border states • Control the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of: • soldiers • Weapons • Ammunition • Clothes • Food • other supplies needed • Blockade southern ports to stop • cotton shipments • supplies from foreign nations

27. Anaconda Squeeze

28. Southern Strategy • Defend its homeland, holding onto as much territory as possible until the North got tired of fighting-WEAR THE NORTH DOWN! • Capture Washington, D.C. • Gain control of border states • Gain England's support using Cotton Diplomacy: Hoping Great Britain would help the South because it needed it’s cotton. • Expel Union troops from South

29. Preparing for War-Neither side is ready! Volunteer Armies-unskilled teachers, farmers, laborers all had to learn how to march, shoot, use a bayonet, and kill! Training was difficult. Surviving was essential.

30. Helping the Troops • Civilians raised money • provided aid • ran emergency hospitals. • Thousands of volunteers worked with the U.S. Sanitary Commission to send bandages, medicines, and food to camps • In the Union army over 3000 women volunteered to be nurses.

31. A Young Man’s War • More than 2,000,000 Federal soldiers were twenty-one or under (of a total of some 2,700,000)-More than 1,000,000 were eighteen or under.About 800,000 were seventeen or under.About 200,000 were sixteen or under.About 100,000 were fifteen or under.Three hundred were thirteen or under-most of these fifers or drummers, but regularly enrolled, and sometimes fighters. Twenty-five were ten or under

32. War in the East

33. Generals at Bull RunGeneral Irwin McDowell vs.General PGT Beauregard

34. First Battle of Bull Run, July 21,1861 • Following Fort Sumter, Union military believed Confederacy could be quickly crushed with little loss of life. • Union Gen. McDowell led 34,000 inexperienced and poorly trained militia toward the railroad junction in Manassas, Virginia. • General Beauregard was alerted and he prepared his 20,000 troops. He called for help, 9000 more troops arrived.

35. Three Union divisions crossed the Bull Run Stream and began driving Confederate troops back. • Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson positioned his soldiers and stood firm. His men stopped the Union charge. “Stonewall Jackson” Nickname. • Union artillery was captured • Beauregard led a charge to the right of the Union army, McDowell’s line was broken and the Union army retreated. Casualties: Union 3000 Confederate 2000

36. Interesting Fact • On July 21 Hundreds of men, women and children attended the battle. Many brought picnics believing it would be a glorious show to watch.

37. Interesting Fact: Uniforms not standard yet.

38. Bull Run, 1861 the 1st battle of the Civil War. It showed the nation that the war was going to be long and costly. The North had 387 soldiers killed while the South lost 460. The South won the battle.

40. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson-Confederate • Served in the Mexican-American war • West Point Graduate • Married Twice • He didn’t use chairs because he believed that standing was good for one’s health. • Brilliant soldier famous for his fearlessness. • “Right Arm” of Robert E. Lee • He sucked on lemons daily • He believed God would lead the South to victory. • He prayed before every battle. • May 2, 1963 He was shot by his own men. (by mistake) • He had his arm amputated, but died from pneumonia

41. Robert E. Lee“The greatest soldier living today.” Winfield Scott • Married with 7 children • Officer in the Mexican-American War. • Was against slavery even though he lived in the South. • Confederate commander. • Was first asked by Lincoln to lead Union troops, but he was a Virginia man. • Had huge success against Union leaders. • He trusted horse was named Traveller. • He had a pet hen that he took everywhere with him. • After his surrender, he returned home and died of Pneumonia 4 years later.

42. Ulysses S. Grant-Union Commander • Almost drowned at the age of 7 • Married the love of his life. • Had 4 children • Tried farming, real estate • West Point graduate • Incredible military leader • He liked to drag race horses! • Won the war and became two term president.

43. 2nd Manassas or2nd Bull Run, VA • August 29-30, 1862 • The general for the Confederate was Stonewall Jackson. • The general for the Yankees was John Pope. • The North lost 16,000 soldiers while the South lost only 9,000 • The South won the battle in the last few hours.

44. Antietam, Maryland September 17, 1862 considered the single bloodiest day in the American history. The Union claims victory, but the win in only a slight advantage. Lee’s North advance ended and many troops die.

47. First metal ships in world!

48. Ironclads • Union has a strong navy, Confederates no navy. • Confederates capture a Union ship, added iron and changed its name to The Virginia. • Union already had Ironclad name Monitor. • The two battled and the Monitor forced the Virginia to withdraw. Changed war tactics forever!

50. Battle of Shiloh: Fought in western territory of Tennessee. Confederates surprise Grant, but Grant is able to stand firm and eventually win=Union Victory! Huge Death Toll!