Enlightenment Wrap up

1. Enlightenment Wrap up

2. The Enlightenment • Philosophers in Europe had been using reason and scientific method to obtain knowledge. • Scientists looked beyond religious doctrine to investigate how the world worked. • Conclusion: World is governed not by chance or miracles but by fixed mathematical laws.

3. The enlightenment • Ideas traveled from Europe to the colonies. • Spread quickly in numerous books/pamphlets; were popular in the New England colonies because of high literacy rate. • Had a profound effect on political thought in the colonies. • From the Enlightenment, Jefferson concluded that individuals have natural rights, which governments must respect.

4. The result Enlightenment principals eventually would lead many colonists to question the authority of the British monarchy.

5. Closure • Think about the characteristics of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening. What influence did these movements have on the colonists?

6. French and Indian War

7. French vs. great Britain • France = Great Britain’s biggest rival • French settlements were in Canada, founded the town of Quebec. • French colonies different from British… • Friendlier relations with the Natives • Relied on the Natives for fur trapping which were in high demand in Europe • Military alliances resulted (ex-Champlain helped to defeat Mohawk Iroquois)

8. Britain defeats old enemy • Both French and British empires were expanding, eventually collided. • CONFLICT BEGINS • Fort Duquesne—built by the French at the site of modern day Pittsburgh. • British had granted that land to wealthy planters. • Virginia governor sent a group of ordinary citizens to evict the French.

9. British defeats old enemy • Led by George Washington • Fort Necessity-outpost about 40 miles from Fort Duquesne • The beginning battles: • May- Washington’s small militia attacked a small group of French soldiers. • July-the French forced Washington to surrender.

10. Early French victories • Washington went into battle again as Edward Braddock’s aide • Mission: drive the French out of the Ohio Valley (Pittsburgh area) • 1st attack at Fort Duquesne • Braddock & 1,500 soldiers • Ambushed by the French and Native Americans • British turned and fled. • Washington began to question the British Army

11. Pitt and the Iroquois • William Pitt (politician) sent to reinvigorate the British Army. • GB finally started to win battles; won over the Iroquois to support them. (Native American allies—YES!) • Big turning point—British troops scaled the high cliffs that protected Quebec to catch the French by surprise. • THEY WON in a short but deadly battle.

12. Official end • Treaty of Paris— • GB claimed all land east of the Mississippi River. • Spain was given the French lands west of the Mississippi, including New Orleans • Other losers in the war were the Native Americans. British harder to bargain with than the French.

14. KCTV NEws • In groups of four, create a news broadcast summarizing the French and Indian War. • Be prepared to present your broadcast to the class. • You will be graded based on accurate and chronological information presented in your report. • Each person in the group play a part.