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Communication Climate. “The social tone of a relationship.” “The overall feeling, or emotional mood, of a relationship.”. Communication climates are constructed by the types of messages given and received:. Disconfirming. Confirming. Disagreeing. Confirming Messages:.
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Communication Climate “The social tone of a relationship.” “The overall feeling, or emotional mood, of a relationship.”
Communication climates are constructed by the types of messages given and received: Disconfirming Confirming Disagreeing
Confirming Messages: • Recognition – responding to others (e.g., eye-contact, returning calls/e-mails, etc.) • Acknowledgment – showing your interest in others/attending to them (e.g., listening, paraphrasing, etc.) • Endorsement – showing agreement (in whole or in part) with the other person (e.g., praising, nodding, stating your agreement, etc.)
Disagreeing Messages: • Argumentativeness – presenting/defending your position, while arguing against others’ positions • Complaining – expressing dissatisfaction with others • Aggressiveness – actively demeaning the worth of others (e.g., name-calling, insults, sarcasm, etc.)
Disconfirming Messages: • Impervious Response (i.e., not responding) • Interrupting Response (i.e., interrupting) • Irrelevant Response (e.g., unrelated comments) • Tangential Response (i.e., steering the conversation in a different direction) • Impersonal Response (abstract, intellectual) • Ambiguous Response (abstract & confusing) • Incongruous Response (contradicts itself)
Disagreeing and/orDisconfirming Messages May Lead to Defensive Responses We tend to get defensive when we perceive ourselves as under attack. Do we want to attack back, or could we soothe our wounds and work to create an attacking-free climate? We can help others not respond defensively by helping them to “save face.”
Creating Positive Climates:Defense-Arousing & Supportive Communication
Description Problem-Orientation Spontaneity Empathy Equality Provisionalism Evaluation Control Strategy Neutrality Superiority Certainty Confirming Disconfirming Supportive Defense-arousing
Ask for more information: • Ask for specifics • Guess about specifics • Paraphrase the other person’s ideas • Ask what the critic wants • Ask about the consequences of your behavior • Ask what else is wrong
Agree with the criticisms: • Agree with the truth • Agree in principle • Agree with the other person’s perception