Implementation and Experience of Water Resources in Urbanisation and Urban Planning in Europe

1. Implementation and Experience of Water Resources in Urbanisation and Urban Planning in Europe International Conference on Research Cooperation -Water, Urbanisation, Research Jinan, Shandong Province, China Dr Martin Griffiths 16 May 2013

2. Overview • The Importance of water to urban planning • The need for a strategic view • To encourage partnership and mutual dependence • Emphasise the need to align water and urban planning

3. In the context of • A changing climate and growing population • In difficult economic times and • With increasing public expectation and involvement

4. Water Security - Primary Pressures Adapted from. Paul Whitehead – Oxford University

5. Changing Climate – UK, China and Global We should expect • Warmer wetter winters • Hotter and drier summers – reduction of 22% rainfall in the South East • Sea level rise • More severe weather events – increases in the amount of rain on the wettest days. Source -http://ukclimateprojections.defra.gov.uk/content/view/868/531/

6. Growing Population – UK and Global • UK population is set to rise from 61 million in 2008 to 71 million in 2031 (ONS Data). • Population globally is expected to rise from about 7 billion to about 9 billion by 2025 Source –Office of National Statistics

7. Water Scarcity – UK areas of relative water stress From Water Resources Strategy for England and Wales , Environment Agency March 2009

8. Water Scarcity – Projected 2050s river flows Source – Environment Agency, using UKCIP02 medium-high emissions scenario

9. Global Supply Demand Deficit

10. The Water Framework Directive European Commission, DG Environment

11. Water Framework Directive Land and water planning framework for Europe • Sets the future water planning process and agenda for European waters • Sets timetable • Sets outcomes • New ways of thinking in water planning • Aims for a sustainable approach

12. Water Framework DirectiveEuropean River Basins

13. EU Blueprint assessment and implementation

14. China No1 Water Document • The most important water management initiative undertaken by China • Many similarities with the EU Water Framework Directive • To accelerate water resources reform and development across China • Recognises the need to manage water resources over a long period • Provides funding of 4000 billion Yuan over 10 Years (= to €470 billion)

15. International River BasinsRiver Basins in China - example

16. China No1 Water Document Implement a strict water resources management system - Three Red Lines • First Red Line – controls water resources utilisation • Second Red Line - controls water-use efficiency • Third Red Line - controls water quality parameters • Linked to Water Functional Zones in rivers and lakes

17. Planning cycles Need to align plans, framework and outcomes Water and spatial plans – temporal alignment 25 -50 year horizon Water resources plans Integrated sewerage plans 5 to 10 year Financial plans WFD plans 1-2 year Commercial plans Business plans

18. Planning cycles Need to align plans, framework and outcomes Converge on common goals - maintain dialogue Water Resources plans Integrated Sewerage plans Consult Consult Consult Sustainable urban environment Spatial Plans Innovation, alignment, creative tension

19. supply of information • • consultation • active involvement Stakeholder Engagement Public participation and stakeholder engagement in water planning Spatial planners and local authorities are key stakeholders

20. Water Infrastructure must keep pace with city growth

21. Thames Water – 25 year Plan

22. Thames Water – 25 year Plan

23. Potential Cost of Drought • Projected cost to London = £4.9 billion (1.8% to 2.8% GVA for London)* • European drought 2003 cost= € 8.7 – €11.3 billion • Barcelona drought 2008 cost = €220 million =1% (Catalonia GDP) • Equivalent costs to USA and Australia = 1-2% GDP (losses to local economies) Equivalent costs for flood events • *Source: NERA Report, 2006, Cost of Water Use Restrictions, report for Thames Water

24. Potential benefits to London Healthy water environment = £xx billion ++

25. Significant opportunities for China Implementation of No1 Document • Optimisation of expenditure • Focus on stretching objectives for water • Environment • Infrastructure • Look for optimum gain in catchments • Though this drive Innovative solutions • Create business opportunities Achieve sustainable water security for cities

26. Opportunities from Eco-cities • Some fresh starts • Excellent piloting opportunities • Scale up where appropriate • Retrofit on existing cities • Some good examples • Sustainable Urban Drainage projects • Urban Pollution Manual – sewer design and optimisation Wanzhuang eco-city

27. Propose that water is the new carbon • Need innovative solutions • Need adaption strategies • Flexible infrastructure solutions to deal with uncertainty • Risk public health disasters • Significant loss of GDP • Need sound planning frameworks to reduce risks