Warm Up: Images Notes on Reconstruction After the Civil War Closing Activity: Quotes Review

1. Warm Up: Images • Notes on Reconstruction After the Civil War • Closing Activity: Quotes • Review

6. Rebuilding • Had to rebuild everything • Political • Rejoining the Union • Social • Blacks are suddenly free • Economic • Rebuild agricultural business

7. Lincoln’s Plan • Preserve Union • Secession is constitutionally impossible • Higher Cause • forgiving peace • ”with malice toward none, with charity for all” • amnesty to most • Except high ranking officials • 10% must take oath • To rejoin the Union • little mention of former slaves • Angers radical Republicans • pledge allegiance to the U.S., withdraw secession, annul Confederate war debts, ratify 13th, & abolish slavery.

8. Radical Plan • Radical Republicans • Thaddeus Stevens • Charles Sumner • Wade-Davis Bill of 1864 • harsher plan • Congress in charge of Reconstruction – majority, not 10% • martial law • Federal military occupation with no say • majority takes oath • bars former leaders from office

9. Lincoln Assassinated • John Wilkes Booth • Andrew Johnson is President • Intends to deal w/ South harshly • tried to follow Lincoln’s plan with additions • 13th Amendment • Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude • Congress refuses plan • Won’t let Southern Congressman in. • South tries to reorganize under Lincoln’s plan • TN does not • M.S. does, but not 13th

10. Southern Politics • Black Codes • Banned by the Civil Rights Act of 1866 – M.S. & S.C. the first to do so, Restrictions of slavery. • many of the same leaders elected to office • 58 previous Congressmen, 6 Confederate Cabinet members, 4 Confederate Generals • blacks denied most rights • Weapons, juries, testifying, marrying whites, traveling w/o permits, owning land. • many people of the Union saw little change and began to question the outcome of the war

11. Power Struggle • Congress refuses to admit new southern delegates • Congress passes Civil Right Act of 1866 over a Johnson veto • First time ever • Congress bypasses Johnson to achieve equal rights • 14th Amendment • Constitutional basis for Civil Rights Act – All persons born or nationalized citizens. • Radicals control Congress after 1866 elections with large majority

12. Radical Reconstruction • Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Does not recognize State govt. formed under Lincoln & Johnson – except for Tennessee. • override the President • Divide Confederate States into 5 military districts – headed by a Union General. • military rule of South • protect former slaves • Could not rejoin the Union w/o insuring African American men the right to vote & 14th. • Bans former leaders

13. New Government • Scalawags • White southerners who joined the Republican party. • Carpetbaggers • Northerners who moved south after the Civil War • African Americans can vote • 90% voting rate – Republican • Black leaders elected • Hiram Revels – first African American Senator • some corruption

14. New Government • Scalawags • White southerners who joined the Republican party. • Carpetbaggers • Northerners who moved south after the Civil War • African Americans can vote • 90% voting rate – Republican • Black leaders elected • Hiram Revels – first African American Senator • some corruption

15. New Government • Scalawags • White southerners who joined the Republican party. • Carpetbaggers • Northerners who moved south after the Civil War • African Americans can vote • 90% voting rate – Republican • Black leaders elected • Hiram Revels – first African American Senator • some corruption

16. Johnson Impeached • Johnson fights with Radicals • Fired military officers who enforce the Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Radicals seek to impeach • Johnson fired Secretary of War - Edwin Stanton. • Tenure of Office Act • Can’t remove Cabinet members appointed w/o approval by senate during term Pres. appointed them. • Johnson tests the legality of Act • Johnson impeached but acquitted • House – Yes • Senate - No

17. Grant Elected • Johnson serves out term with no real effect on policy • Know Johnson can’t win election. • General Grant is nominated and wins election easily • Wins majority of electoral vote, popular vote by 306, 592 • 15th Amendment • No one can be kept from voting because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

18. Quotes 1 • “Nothing in all history equaled this wonderful, quiet, sudden transformation of four million human beings from…the auction block to the ballot box.” • William Lloyd Garrison • “With malice toward none, with charity for all…let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.” • Abraham Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural • “I say, as to the leaders, punishment. I say leniency, conciliation, and amnesty to the thousands whom they have misled and deceived.” • Andrew Johnson

19. Quotes 2 • “We are not prepared for this suffrage. But we can learn. Give a man tools and let him use them and in time he will learn a trade. So it is with voting. We may not understand it at the start, but in time we shall learn to do our duty.” • William Nash • “We have turned, or are about to turn, loose four million slaves without a hut to shelter them or a cent in their pockets. ... This Congress is bound to provide for them until they can take care of themselves. If we do not furnish them with homesteads, and hedge them around with protective laws; if we leave them to the legislation of their late masters, we had better have left them in bondage.” • Thaddeus Stevens

20. Quiz

21. These are Northerners who came south to participate in Reconstruction?

22. Name the group of people who wanted harsher punishment for the South?

23. What rights did the 14th Amendment grant?

24. Name one of this group’s leaders?

25. Who becomes President when Lincoln is killed?

26. Who was elected President after the failed impeachment?

27. What rights are bestowed by the 15th Amendment?

28. These are southerners who supported Union plans for Reconstruction?

29. What was the name of the plan that Lincoln had developed for the nation to follow?