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Green Architecture. Industrial age: harnessing steam using coal, then later, oil. Combustion engine and turbine followed. 19 th c. produced iron & steel in large quantities could be used in building
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Green Architecture • Industrial age: harnessing steam using coal, then later, oil. Combustion engine and turbine followed. • 19th c. produced iron & steel in large quantities could be used in building • 20th c. industrial methods for making sheet glass, fluorescent lamps, and air conditioning made possible large buildings sealed off from the natural environment
Going Green • Like other benefits of industrialization, these buildings cost the environment • Can we create a healthier & less wasteful human habitat? This is the heart of green architecture • Preserving & updating existing structures is one of the basic practices- it is not always necessary to build new
Green on a Larger Scale Four Times Square Largest building in US to establish standards for energy conservation, indoor air quality, recycling systems, and sustainable manufacturing processes Contractors required to recycle waste- 65 percent was reclaimed Steel structure at top stabilizes building so less steel needed in building overall
Greenness • Exterior glass is advanced type that admits maximum daylight, blocks solar hear, minimizes heat loss during winter • Inside- biodegradable, renewable, nontoxic materials with sustainable harvested wood • Energy-efficient lighting, low-use water systems • Gray water is recycled • Natural gas pro9cues hot/cold water (not chlorofluorocarbons harmful to ozone layer) • Fresh air taken in at higher elevations
Energy Conservation • Produces much of its own energy • Voltaic panels convert sunlight into electricity • Power comes from 2 fuel cells set on exterior, that use natural gas • The two cells provide 60 percent of night time electricity needs • Gas is nonrenewable buy cleaner than coal or oil & these cells are the cleanest & most efficient
Cultural Response • Architects respond to the local landscape, climate, culture, building traditions rather than impose Western styles • Why should architecture look the same everywhere? • Jean Marie Tjibaou was a leader of the Kanak people, center dedicated to preserving & transmitting this culture
Cultural Connection • Piano researched, working with local anthropologist and Kanak advisors • Goal was to blend current building technologies with Kanak traditions • Kanak dwellings have vertical staves that meet at the top, and weave horizontal elements in & out as in basketry • Center consists of 10 of these pavilions linked by walkway that resembles a Kanak village • Basket-like structures ventilate rooms, lit by daylight • Wood & bamboo construction is endlessly renewable
Paper as a Building Material • Shigeru Ban Japan Pavilion constructed from paper: easily & inexpensively manufactured, available almost everywhere, completely recyclable • Goal: to create temporary structure that could be entirely recycled or reused • Inner framework of weatherproofed paper tubes lashed together with tape • Exterior paper membrane stretched over lightweight wooden arches that allow daylight • Foundation is steel-reinforced boxes of sand