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Integumentary System

Integumentary System. Ch. 5 Part 1. Integumentary System. Anatomy. Physiology. Regulate body temperature Protects connective tissues Sensations – touch, temperature, pressure, pain Excretion – water, salts, heat Immunity Blood reservoir – many tiny blood vessels Makes vitamin D.

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Integumentary System

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  1. Integumentary System Ch. 5 Part 1

  2. Integumentary System Anatomy Physiology Regulate body temperature Protects connective tissues Sensations – touch, temperature, pressure, pain Excretion – water, salts, heat Immunity Blood reservoir – many tiny blood vessels Makes vitamin D • Epidermal layer • Dermal layer

  3. Cross Section of Skin

  4. Skin has 2 layers • Epidermis– outer, thinner portion composed of epithelium • Dermis – inner, thick part composed of connective tissue

  5. Epidermis • Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium cells • Keratinocytes – produce protein keratin • Keratin – fibrous protein for waterproofing and insulation • Melanocytes – produce melanin • Melanin – pigment for skin color and absorbs UV light

  6. Epidermis – deep to superficial layers Thin skin – most of the body Thick skin – palms, soles of feet Stratum basale (stratum germinativum Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum (thick layer • Stratum basal (stratum germinativum) • Stratum spinosum • Stratum granulosum • Stratum corneum (thin layer)

  7. Stratum Germinativum (basale) • Basal (base) cell layer (germinal) undergoes continuous mitotic division • Produces all the other layers • Made up of stem cells • Simple cuboidal or columnar

  8. Stratum spinosum • When prepared, shrink to have thorn-like projections • Have melanocytes and Langerhans cells • Help with skin immunity to microbes

  9. Stratum granulosum • Cell apoptosis occurs here • Contains lamellar granules – provide waterproof sealant to skin • Transition between alive layers and dead layers of skin

  10. Stratum lucidum • Consists of flattened, dead, clear keratinocytes

  11. Stratum corneum • Keratinization – accumulation of keratin by moving through epidermal layers • Dead cells are sloughed off (shed) and replaced by newly dead cells from deeper layers • Made up of dead stratified squamous cells • Callus – abnormal thickening of stratum corneum

  12. Dermis • Composed of connective tissue • Blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles • 2 regions • Papillary • Reticular

  13. Papillary region • Consists of areolar C.T with elastic fibers • Dermal papillae – projections into the dermis create ridges: fingerprints • Contain tactile receptors – corpuscles of touch • Nerves sensitive to touch • Pacinian corpuscles – sensitive to pressure • Free nerve endings – sensitive to temperature

  14. Reticular region • Made of connective tissue, mainly collagen and elastic fibers • Also contains • Adipose tissue • Hair follicles • Nerves • Oil glands • Sweat glands

  15. Skin color • Genetically determined • Melanin – brown-black pigment, number the same in all races; production of melanin differs • Carotene – yellow-orange pigment • Hemoglobin – reddish/pinkish tint in Caucasians

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