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Native Culture Outline

Native Culture Outline. Lecture II. Social Organization. Family vs. Kin Family: relation by Blood (consanguineous) Marriage (affinal or conjugal) Fiat (fictive) Comes in nuclear or extended varieties Kin: socially recognized descent relationship Bilateral (down both sides)

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Native Culture Outline

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  1. Native Culture Outline Lecture II

  2. Social Organization • Family vs. Kin • Family: relation by • Blood (consanguineous) • Marriage (affinal or conjugal) • Fiat (fictive) • Comes in nuclear or extended varieties • Kin: socially recognized descent relationship • Bilateral (down both sides) • Unilineal descent (one side of the tree only) • Matrilineal • Patrilineal

  3. Social Organization, cont. • Descent Group • Group of people who claim descent from a common ancestor • Lineage – demonstrable descent from a named individual • Clan – group of related lineages who claim descent from a common (usually legendary or mythical) ancestor • Moiety – group of related clans claiming further distant ancestral relation. No more than two moieties in a society.

  4. Marriage • A socially recognized contract between one or more men and one or more women establishing rights and responsibilities of household work, legitimacy of children, and ties between families • Love versus Economics • Bridewealth/brideprice • Dowry • Polygamy or Monogamy? • Polygyny versus Polyandry • Levirate or Sororate • Endogamy or exogamy? (in or out) • Residence patterns • Matrliocal/Patrilocal/Avuncolocal

  5. Social Status & Control • All societies have status by age and sex • Many were generally egalitarian though • With social complexity comes stratification • Associations or sodalities • Age Grades and sets • Sex • Common Interest • Medicine Societies

  6. Politics • A system for distribution of power in a society • Bands • No central leader • Decisions by consensus • Small group size, autonomous from other groups • Associated with foragers • Tribes • No central leader (council) or leadership by a headman • Autonomous local groups tied together into larger entity • Larger populations (hunters, pastoralists or horticulturists) • Heavy use of sodalities to tie groups together, still egalitarian • Chiefdoms • Hereditary leadership • Stratified society • Large groups of horticulturists or agriculturists • States

  7. Economics • System for the production (or collection), distribution, and consumption of resources in a society • Reciprocity • Exchange of goods/services without money • General (no set time or amount of return) • Balanced (set time and/or amount of return) • Negative (attempt to get something for nothing) • Redistribution • Collection of goods by central power for later disbursement • Prestige Economics • Giving away wealth in exchange for status (Potlatching) • Often acts as a leveling mechanism in society • Market Exchange

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