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The Troubles in Ireland: A History of Conflict and Independence Struggles

Explore the turbulent period of 1916-1922 when Ireland fought for independence from British rule, leading to Southern counties gaining independence as Eire. Learn about the Provisional IRA's goal of a reunified Irish Republic, the role of Loyalists in Northern Ireland, and the impact of events like Bloody Sunday and the IRA Bombing Campaign. Delve into the literary reflections of this era through works like "Digging" and "The Bog Poems."

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The Troubles in Ireland: A History of Conflict and Independence Struggles

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  1. The Easter Rising, 1916

  2. 1920-1922 Partition & Independence 26 southern counties gain independence: Eire, or Ireland 6 northeastern counties (Northern Ireland) remain part of the United Kingdom

  3. “The Troubles”

  4. Provisional IRA (Nationalists) • Goal: a reunified Irish Republic, free from British rule

  5. Loyalists (Unionists) fighting against Irish republicanism

  6. The British State • officially neutral. • in practice, often colluded with loyalist paramilitaries. • seen as an army of occupation by many Catholics.

  7. Bloody Sunday 30 January 1972

  8. 13 shot dead, including 7 teenagers; many others injured 15 June 2010: David Cameron apologizes on behalf of the British government

  9. IRA Bombing Campaign - England Brighton, 1984

  10. City of London, 1993

  11. Manchester, 1996

  12. b. 1939, to a Catholic family in County Derry, on border with Eire 1972 – moves to Irish Republic, became Irish citizen 1995 – wins Nobel Prize for Literature

  13. “Digging” The SPADE of his father and grandfather?

  14. “Digging” Or the GUN of the Troubles?

  15. “Digging” Or a third choice, the PEN?

  16. “Digging” “Between my finger and my thumb The squat pen rests; snug as a gun.” (ll. 1-2) […] “Between my finger and my thumb The squat pen rests. I’ll dig with it.” (ll.29-31)

  17. The Bog Poems

  18. “The Grauballe Man”

  19. The Dying Gaul (Musei Capitolini)

  20. The Dying Gaul (detail)

  21. Windeby Girl (‘Punishment’)

  22. Alleged drug dealer tarred and feathered by loyalists, 2007

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