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II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes

Explore the diversity of vertebrates from jawed fish to mammals, including extinct placoderms, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Learn about key adaptations and evolutionary transitions in this fascinating journey through ancient and modern animal species.

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II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes

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  1. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)

  2. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton

  3. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton - air sac for respiration

  4. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton - air sac for respiration - in Ray-finned: swim bladder (light, buoyant, fast) save energy by floating

  5. - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton - air sac for respiration - in Ray-finned: swim bladder (light, buoyant, fast) - in Lobe-finned and lungfish: evolved jointed fins… could support weight on land, and breath with air sac. (Devonian – 400my)

  6. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians

  7. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Evolved in Devonian (375 mya) - Lungfish - fed on abundant terrestrial Arthropods

  8. An extraordinary sequence of intermediates documenting the colonization of land. The "red gap" was filled in 2006. 365 mya 385 mya

  9. Eusthenopteron

  10. Panderichthys rhombolepis

  11. Tiktaalik roseae

  12. Acanthostega gunnari

  13. Ichthyostega sp. (remember ?)

  14. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders

  15. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders - small lungs, respiratory skin must stay moist

  16. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders - small lungs, respiratory skin must stay moist - eggs must stay moist

  17. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles – evolved in Carboniferous (325 mya)

  18. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles - amniotic egg with shell; protects embryo from desiccation (like a seed...) embryo

  19. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles - amniotic egg with shell - kidney to produce concentrated urine ...(reduces water loss. reptiles and birds excrete their nitrogenous waste as a paste (the white stuff in a bird's droppings) that requires little water.)

  20. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles - amniotic egg with shell - kidney to produce concentrated urine - scales to reduce water loss from skin (correlating with a larger lung compared to amphibians)

  21. From 250 to 200 mya, the formation of the supercontinent of Pangaea created warm dry climates that gave ‘reptiles’ the edge. Remember? This gave gymnosperms the edge, too...

  22. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata f. Mammals: ‘Reptile to Mammal’ transitions - deep history: Pelycosaurs

  23. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata f. Mammals: ‘Reptile to Mammal’ transitions - deep history: Pelycosaurs Therapsids

  24. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata f. Mammals: - traits: - hair (endothermy)

  25. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata f. Mammals: - traits: - hair (endothermy) - nurse young

  26. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - Development: - Lay eggs (Monotremes)

  27. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - Development: - Lay eggs (Monotremes) - birth (Marsupials)

  28. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - Development: - Lay eggs (Monotremes) - birth (Marsupials) - birth of independent offspring (Placentals)

  29. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - Radiation:

  30. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Birds: - Reptilian Roots feathered dinosaurs and endothermy

  31. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Birds: - Reptilian Roots feathered dinosaurs and endothermy - flight

  32. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Birds: • - one way lung

  33. even on an exhalation, new air is pulled through the lungs... so birds even absorb oxygen on an exhalation. One way transport is more efficient (like a gut)...

  34. Summary - Patterns in Vertebrate Diversity I. Innovation and Radiation A. Patterns:

  35. Summary - Patterns in Vertebrate Diversity I. Innovation and Radiation A. Patterns: 1. Fish

  36. A. Patterns: 2. Tetrapods

  37. A. Patterns: 3. Summary - innovation: new “adaptive zone” colonized (a new place, like an island, or a new habitat (like land or the air).

  38. A. Patterns: 3. Summary - innovation: new “adaptive zone” colonized - radiation – explosion of species colonizing new areas and exploiting new environments in this new way

  39. A. Patterns: 3. Summary - innovation: new “adaptive zone” colonized - radiation – explosion of species colonizing new areas and exploiting new environments in this new way - competitive contraction? – winners exclude others…

  40. Summary - Patterns in Vertebrate Diversity I. Innovation and Radiation A. Patterns: B. Mechanisms: - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized?

  41. Summary - Patterns in Vertebrate Diversity I. Innovation and Radiation A. Patterns: B. Mechanisms: - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…)

  42. Summary - Patterns in Vertebrate Diversity I. Innovation and Radiation A. Patterns: B. Mechanisms: - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…) 2. Colonize an uninhabited area (islands) – these are “ecological vacuums, too…

  43. Summary - Patterns in Vertebrate Diversity I. Innovation and Radiation A. Patterns: B. Mechanisms: - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…) 2. Colonize an uninhabited area (islands) – these are “ecological vacuums, too… 3. Be released from competition by mass extinction of competitors…

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