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EMC Directive 2004/108/EC Steve Ferguson

EMC Directive 2004/108/EC Steve Ferguson. EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS. EMC. EMC – Electromagnetic Compatibility The ability to operate in the intended environment without performance degradation

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EMC Directive 2004/108/EC Steve Ferguson

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  1. EMC Directive 2004/108/ECSteve Ferguson

  2. EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS

  3. EMC • EMC – Electromagnetic Compatibility • The ability to operate in the intended environment without performance degradation • The ability to operate in the intended environment without interfering with operation of other equipment/systems

  4. Terms & Definitions • European Directive • Legal Document adopted by EC Council of Ministers • Must be adopted into National Law by each EC member state • Does not call out technical standards; refers to private standards-making bodies to draw up product standards • European Norm (EN) • Harmonized Standard: Common Standard used for determining conformity • Committee process • ENs based on existing standards (CISPR, IEC) • Must be adopted into National Standards by each EC Member state • CENELEC (Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique) • European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization: responsible for generating European Norms • CE: Communaute Europeenne

  5. Terms & Definitions • Competent Body • Review Technical Construction Files and generate Certificates of Conformity • Must demonstrate competence in the area of the Directive • Approved by member state National Authority • Conformity Assessment Bodies (CAB) in US • Notified Body • “Notified” means that the organization has been “officially announced” to the EC and other states by National Authority

  6. New approach directives • Objective: Elimination of Technical Barriers • New Approach calls out Essential Requirements • Technical Details Left to Committees • Harmonization of European Norms (Standards) • CENELEC • Conformity to European Norms demonstrates compliance • Products meeting essential requirements eligible for CE Marking

  7. The EMC Directive • 89/336/EEC: The EMC Directive • Adopted 1989 by Council of the European Communities • Original Implementation 1 January 1992 • Amended by 92/31/EEC • Affects all products to be placed on the Market • Calls out essential “protection requirements” which include emissions as well as susceptibility • Does not call out specifications or standards “New Approach Directive” • Essential Protection Requirements • Allows Self-Certification • ”CE” Marking certifying product’s conformance

  8. Directive Low Voltage (73/23/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Simple Pressure Vessels (87/404/EEC) Amended by 90/488/EEC Toy Safety (88/378/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Construction Products (89/106/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC EMC (89/336/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Repeal 7/20/2007 EMC (2004/108/EC) Machinery (89/392/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Personal Protective Equipment (89/686/EEC) Non-Automatic Weighing Instruments (90/384/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Gas Appliances (90/396/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (91/263/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Hot Water Boilers (92/42/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Medical Devices (93/42/EEC) Satellite Earth Station Equipment (93/97/EEC) Explosive Atmospheres (94/9/EEC) Recreational Craft (94/25/EEC) Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive Mandatory Date: 1/1/97 7/1/92 1/1/97 1/1/97 1/1/96 7/20/09 1/1/95 6/30/95 1/11/02 1/1/95 1/1/96 1/1/97 6/13/98 NONE 6/30/03 6/15/98 4/1/01 European directives

  9. 2004/108/EC Background • Review of 89/336/EEC as part of the SLIM (Simpler Legislation for the Internal Market) established a need to complete, reinforce, and clarify the directive • Member states adopt and publish laws to comply with directive by 20 January 2007 • Apply laws adopted by 20 July 2007 • Repeal 89/336/EEC by 20 July 2007 • Not impede market for product complying with 89/336/EEC placed on the market prior to 20 July 2009

  10. 2004/108/EC Directive - Changes • Clarification of scope and definitions • Simplification of compliance methods – DoC • Elimination of mandatory NB/CB examinations • Modified DoC supporting location of responsible parties by enforcement • Requirement for unique product identification • Clear treatment of fixed installations and their compliance obligations

  11. Equipment exclusions From draft Guide for the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006

  12. Flowchart 1 - notes • 1. Equipment without electrical or electronic parts is except • 2. Excluded equipment • R&TTE (covered by 1999/5/EC) • Aeronautical parts, products and appliances • Radio equipment used by radio amateurs • 3. Equipment covered by other specific community directives • Motor vehicles (2004/104/EC) • Medical devices (various directives) • Marine equipment (6/98/EC) • Agricultural and forestry tractors (75/332/EEC) • Two or three wheeled motor vehicles (97/24/EC) • Measuring instruments (immunity excluded see 2004/22/EC) • Non-automatic weighing instruments (immunity excluded see 90/334/EEC) • 4. Inherently benign equipment • Incapable of generating or contributing to emissions • Operate without degradation in the presence of EMI normally present • 5. Apparatus or fixed installation classification (to flowchart 4)

  13. Scope for apparatus From draft Guide for the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006

  14. Clarification of scope • Applicability • Equipment (apparatus & fixed installation) • Apparatus - Any finished appliance or combination thereof made commercially available as a single functional unit • Component or sub-assemblies intended for incorporation into an apparatus by the end user • Mobile installation defined by a combination of apparatus intended to be moved and operated in a range of locations • Fixed installation - A particular combination of several type of apparatus which are assembled, installed and intended to be used permanently at a predefined location

  15. Applicable provisions From draft Guide for the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006

  16. Essential requirements – Article 5 • Apparatus • Electromagnetic disturbances generated do not exceed level to interfere with operation of radio, telecommunications or other equipment • Has a level of immunity to electromagnetic disturbances expected in it’s intended environment • Fixed installations • Use good engineering practices with a view to meeting apparatus requirements. Document those practices with the documentation on file as long as installation is in operation.

  17. Conformity assessment – article 7 • Annex II • Perform electromagnetic assessment • Evaluate all configurations • Prepare technical documentation • Hold technical documentation 10-years after last manufacture • Attest to compliance by issuing DOC • Hold DOC 10-years after last manufacture • If manufacturer is not established within the Community, documentation will be held by person placing on the Community market • Manufacture according to technical documentation • Prepare technical documentation & DOC per Annex IV • Annex III (Typically used where harmonized standards are not completely satisfied – e.g., in situ testing) • Present technical documentation to Notified Body • Notified Body issues compliance statement • Include Notified Body statement in the technical documentation

  18. Other markings – article 9 • Identify type, batch, serial number or any other information to allow for identification of the apparatus • Name and address of manufacturer and authorized representative placing apparatus on market • Specific precautions associated with assembly, installation, maintained or used for EMC protection (e.g., installation instructions, shielded cable use, etc.) • Restrictions for residential use appearing on the apparatus and packaging • Information required to enable the apparatus to be used for intended purpose contained in the accompanying instructions

  19. CE Marking • Implementation of the CE Marking: • Must be affixed to: • Product • Packaging • Instructions for use, OR • Guarantee certificate • Can be used with other marks providing they do not reduce the visibility and legibility of the mark • The marking may include: • The identification of a notified body involved in assessment

  20. Product Identification • Each apparatus to be identified in terms of type, batch, serial number or other information allowing identification • Each apparatus shall be accompanied with Community contact information • Information must be provided on specific precautions for EMC protection (e.g., installation instructions, shielded cable use, etc.) • Use restrictions for items where residential compliance is not ensured • Information on use for intended purpose included with the apparatus

  21. Installations From draft Guide for the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006

  22. Fixed Installations • Special section – Article 13 • Applies to a given fixed installation with the apparatus not commercially available • CE marking and mandatory pre-testing not required • Installation requires application of “good” engineering practices with documentation of EMC precautions incorporated • If EMC problems are indicated, authorities may request evidence of compliance • If non-compliance is established, appropriate measures to attain compliance may be imposed

  23. Conformity assessment From draft Guide for the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC dated 25 09 2006

  24. Conformity Assessment • Manufacturer performs an electromagnetic compatibility assessment applying all relevant harmonized standards published in OJ • Manufacturer prepares technical documentation providing evidence of compliance – retains at least 10-years after date of last manufacture • Manufacturer prepares a Declaration of Conformity (DoC) • The “CE” mark may be placed on the equipment

  25. Non-harmonized/Incomplete Application of Standards • If harmonized standards are not followed or partially followed: • Technical documentation is more complex to justify the DoC describing the steps taken to meet the essential requirements • Review by a Notified Body to obtain an opinion on conformity • NB opinion adds weight in case of a dispute but does not solely authenticate the DoC

  26. Technical documentation – Annex IV • The technical documentation must enable the conformity with the essential requirements to be assessed. It must cover the design and manufacture in particular. Must contain • General description of the apparatus • Evidence of compliance to the standards • In the case where the harmonized standards are not used completely, a description of steps taken to assure compliance with the essential requirements including the EMC assessment, design calculations, examinations accomplished, test reports, etc. • Statement from notified body when used

  27. DOC – Annex IV • The EC declaration of conformity must contain: • A reference to the applicable directive • Identification to the apparatus • Name and address of manufacturer and authorized Community representative if applicable • Dated reference to the specifications to which conformity is declared • Date of the declaration • Identity and signature of person empowered to bind the company

  28. EMC Test Standards • Product specific test standards establish requirements and typically point to test method standards. Normally include: • Radiated Emissions – CISPR 11 or CISPR 22 • Conducted Emissions – CISPR 11 or CISPR 22 • Harmonic Emissions – EN 61000-3-2 • Flicker – EN 61000-3-3 • Electrostatic Discharge – EN 61000-4-2 • Radiated Immunity – EN 61000-4-3 • Electrically Fast Transient Immunity – EN 61000-4-4 • Surge Immunity – EN 61000-4-5 • Conducted Immunity – EN 61000-4-6 • Magnetic Immunity * - EN 61000-4-8 • Voltage dips/interrupts – EN61000-4-11

  29. EMC Design: 10-steps • 1. Establish a 0V return • 2. Tend to the cables • 3. Power distribution • 4. Component layout • 5. Signal distribution • 6. Filtering • 7. Filter installation • 8. Sealing the enclosure • 9. Deal with analog circuits • 10. Switch mode power supplies

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