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Reminders

Reminders . Finish Riis Handout tonight – also check my website Due 10/11 (next Thursday ) Exam #1 - Average 87%/ Vowell – 90% ( back tonight) No Class on 10/18 Look at Matsuda Tentatively due on 10/23 Exam #2 – 10/30. HIST 202. American foreign policy, 1865-1914. Two Views:.

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Reminders

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  1. Reminders • Finish Riis • Handout tonight – also check my website • Due 10/11 (next Thursday) • Exam #1 - Average 87%/ Vowell – 90% ( back tonight) • No Class on 10/18 • Look at Matsuda • Tentatively due on 10/23 • Exam #2 – 10/30

  2. HIST 202 American foreign policy, 1865-1914

  3. Two Views: • We are Anglo-Saxons, and must obey our blood and occupy new markets, and, if necessary, new lands. - Sen. Albert Beveridge (1898) • Our form of government, our traditions, our present interests, and our future welfare, all forbid our entering upon a career of conquest. - William Jennings Bryan (1898)

  4. Prior to Civil War • Isolationism • Looking westward in U.S. • George Washington’s final speech • Civil War changes the way we see ourselves in the world

  5. Early Foreign Relations • William H. Seward • Secretary of State • Under Lincoln and Johnson • Helped prevent British and French from entering war • Convinced annexation of Hawaii and purchase of Alaska

  6. The Purchase of Alaska • Alaska (“Seward’s Folly”) • Russia and Great Britain claimed it • Russia – used it for hunting • Economic burden • Found a buyer in Seward • 1867 – purchased Alaska for $7.2 million

  7. The “New Imperialism” • 19th Century industrialization led to • Worldwide markets • Growing surpluses • Open sources for raw materials • U.S. NEEDED TO STRETCH OUT AND EXPAND!!!!

  8. International Darwinism • Only the strong survive! • Expansionists believed: • U.S. had to be strong • Militarily • Religiously • Economically • Politically

  9. Imperialism • Imperialism • To gain territory • Gain political and economic life of other countries • Britain, France, Russia, and Japan had possessions throughout the world!

  10. Advocates for American Expansion • Missionaries • Josiah Strong – Our Country • Politicians • Henry Cabot Lodge (MA) • Theodore Roosevelt (NY)

  11. Advocates for American Expansion • Military • Alfred Mahan – The Influence of Sea Power Upon History • Popular Press • Increased circulation • Told Americans about exotic places abroad

  12. Latin America • America was the protector of Latin America • Pan-American Conference (1889) • James Blaine • Pan-American Union (1948)

  13. Cleveland & the Monroe Doctrine • President Cleveland/Richard Olney (1895-96) • Venezuela/British Guiana • Used Monroe Doctrine against Britain • Britain sided with U.S.

  14. The Spanish American War • Causes: • Jingoism – aggressive foreign policy • Cuban revolt – Cuba v. Spain • Yellow journalism – sensational stories • Joseph Pulitzer • William Randolph Hearst

  15. The Spanish American War • Causes (cont.) • De Lome Letter • Dupuy De Lome – critical of Pres. McKinley • USS Maine • 260 Americans killed

  16. McKinley’s Ultimatum • April 1898 • Protect Cuban interests • Protect American interests (sugar) • Protect commerce and trade • End “constant menace to our peace”

  17. Teller Amendment • April 20, 1898 • U.S. declared war on Spain • Teller Amendment • U.S. did not want to take anything away from Cuba • Cuba would be in control of its govt.

  18. Fighting the War • Philippines • Under Spanish control since 1500s • Roosevelt ordered George Dewey to invade Philippines • War was won quickly by capturing Manila Bay

  19. Fighting the War • Cuba • Ill-prepared Army • San Juan Hill • Theodore Roosevelt • “Rough Riders” • Buffalo Soldiers • U.S. Navy crushed Spanish at Santiago Bay • War ended August 1898

  20. Annexation of Hawaii • Hawaii • Settled by missionaries and businessmen • 1893 – U.S. overthrew Queen Liliuokalani • 1900 – U.S. territory • U.S. state in 1959

  21. Election of 1900 • W William McKinley - R William Jennings Bryan - D

  22. Open Door Policy in China • John Hay • Sec. of State under Pres. McKinley • “Open Door” trade with China • Boxer Rebellion (1900) – Society of Harmonious Fists

  23. Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy • “Speak softly and carry a big stick” • Panama Canal • Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine • More extension in Latin American affairs

  24. William Taft & Dollar Diplomacy • William Taft (1909-1913) • Focus was in China and Latin America • Believed that investors and cash could help with relations • Financial investments = greater stability

  25. The Lodge Corollary • Henry Cabot Lodge • R – Massachusetts • Attention was on Latin America and Asia • Believed that no non-western countries should own territories in West • Infuriated Asia

  26. Woodrow Wilson & Moral Diplomacy • Woodrow Wilson • First term – 1913-17 • Wanted to “right” all of the “wrongs” • Set up over 30 conciliation treaties throughout the world • Puerto Rico • Panama Canal

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