Global inland captured fisheries and Fresh Water fish culture

1. Global inland captured fisheriesandFresh Water fish culture

2. Submittedto : DR. Amina Zuberi BY Students of MSc. IV Subject: “ Fresh water fish culture’’ Department of animal Sciences Qau Islamabad

3. Groupmembers … • Nadia Mushtaq • Alia Zain • Gull Reem • Hafsa Aftab • Umm e Kalsoom • Irum Basher • Ayesha Nawaz

4. GlobalInlandcapturedFisheries : Inland captured fisheries is defined as “group activities that extract fish and other living organisms from surface waters” Inland captured fisheries exist in natural area Such as streams, rivers , swamps , lakes And inland seas , in temporary water bodies such as floodplains and seasonal ponds , and also in artificial and modified habitats such as irrigation systems.

5. Overview • Inland fisheries and aquaculture contribute about 25% to the world's production of fish. The value of fresh water production to human • Nutrition and incomes is much greater than gross national production figures suggest. • Major inland fishing areas such as lakes , reservoirs and wetlands important for inland Fisheries cover a total area of about 7.8 million sq kilometer .

6. GlobalInland captured fisheriesyear2007

7. Keyfeaturesofinlandwaters

8. The main types of inland waters are as follows. (a) Rivers • Rivers are open, linear systems with numerous small headwater streams that depend mainly on external nutrient inputs. In headwaters, food webs are based on organic matter that is progressively degraded by invertebrate and micro-organism activity along the course of the channel.  Floodplains are of particular importance to the breeding, feeding and growth of many species of fish and catches from any particular system are closely correlated to the degree to which the floodplains were flooded in preceding seasons.

9. (b) Lakes • Lakes are closed systems consisting of a defined body of water. Lake ecology is stable relative to rivers. Some lakes may become severely reduced in area or even dry out when flows are reduced, Lakes are classified according to their nutrient richness—oligotrophic lakes being the lowest in nutrients and the least productive, and eutrophic lakes being high in nutrients and highly productive. Changes in water quality are the major driver of lake ecology and shifts in water transparency, dissolved oxygen regimes and resident organisms occur with nutrient enrichment (eutrophication)

10. (c) Reservoirs • Reservoirs, especially those with short retention times, are sensitive to changes in flow regime in inflowing rivers and may become severely reduced in area at times when the dam is opened for electricity generation or water abstraction. Rapid fluctuations in water level (daily due to hydro peaking) are a particular problem in reservoirs, so one of the main drivers of reservoir ecology is the nature of the dam operation.

11. (d) Wetlands • Wetlands are primarily extensive shallow swampy areas often associated with river or lake systems as riparian flood lands. They often vary in area seasonally and depend on local rainfall, discharge from inflowing rivers, groundwater or on rising lake levels. They are usually very productive and support populations of fish that are highly adapted to the generally difficult environmental conditions of wetland habitats. Wetlands are one of the most threatened of environments.

12. Imagesofinlandfishcapturesources pond lake

13. Imagesofinlandfishcapturesources reservoir swamp

14. Freshwaterfishculture • Fish farming is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture. Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery. Worldwide, the most important fish species used in fish farming are carp, salmon, tilapia and catfish. • There is an increasing demand for fish and fish protein, which has resulted in widespread overfishing in wild fisheries. Fish farming offers fish marketers another source. However, farming carnivorous fish, such as salmon, does not always reduce pressure on wild fisheries, since carnivorous farmed fish are usually fed fishmeal and fish oil extracted from wild forage fish. 

15. Fishculture inPakistan • There are two major systems of carp culture in PAKISTAN . the Chinese polyculture system where Chinese carps are cultured together, and the Indian composite fish culture system where the Indian major carps and Chinese carps arecombined. In China, Chinese carps such as silver carp , grass carp , bighead carp , mud carp , black carp , and common carp are cultured under polyculture system in ponds. Under the Indian system of composite fish culture in un drainable ponds, three Indian carps, viz. catla , rohu and mori two Chinese carps, viz. silver carp and grass carp , and common carp are extensively cultivated.

16. CultivablespeciesinPakistan Catla Rohu

17. Continue….. Mori Grass carp

18. Typesoffish cultureusedinAsia 1.Chinese polyculture system 2. Indian composite culture system

19. Compositefish culture: “ stocking of cultivable fishes of different species which differ in feeding habit in same pond is called composite fish culture “ OBJECTIVES : 1.All available niches utilized. 2.Composite fish species doesn't harm each other. 3.Production increases 5 to 8 times than monoculture.

20. Speciesinterrelationship : Catla and Silver carp :1. both surface feeders.2. combination can be 1:1 , 1.5 : 2 , 1:3 3. silver carp show better growth. Marigal and common carp :1. combination is 1:1 2. common carp show better growth.

21. Mixedfishculture : • Mixed fish farming comprises rearing of indigenous and exotic breeds of fishes in a same pond. • FYM, inorganic fertilizers and other feeds required for proper growth of fishes is mixed in pond water and growth of the fishes is monitored periodically. Different breeds consume food from different levels in pond properly and gain more weight at early age. • Generally, three indigenous breeds (catla, rohu and mrigal) and three exotic breeds (silver carp, grass carp and common carp) are recommended for mixed farming.

22. Continue….. • Production of fishes vary from one place to another place depending upon soil and production capacity of water present in pond. In general, a farmer can produce easily 4000 kg fishes/pond of one hectare/year and can earn at least Rs 50, 000 from a pond measuring one hectare annually .