Download
1 / 51
E N D
Hydrogen Ions and Acidity 19.2 • To test a diagnosis of diabetic coma, a doctor orders several tests, including the acidity of the patient’s blood. Results from this test will be expressed in units of pH. You will learn how the pH scale is used to indicate the acidity of a solution and why the pH scale is used.
19.2 Hydrogen Ions from Water • Hydrogen Ions from Water • The reaction in which water molecules produce ions is called the self-ionization of water.
19.2 Hydrogen Ions from Water • In the self-ionization of water, a proton (hydrogen ion) transfers from one water molecule to another water molecule.
19.2 Ion Product Constant for Water • Ion Product Constant for Water • How are [H+] and [OH-] related in an aqueous solution?
19.2 Ion Product Constant for Water • For aqueous solutions, the product of the hydrogen-ion concentration and the hydroxide-ion concentration equals 1.0 10-14. • Any aqueous solution in which [H+] and [OH-] are equal is described as a neutral solution.
19.2 Ion Product Constant for Water • The product of the concentrations of the hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in water is called the ion-product constant for water (Kw).
19.2 Ion Product Constant for Water • An acidic solution is one in which [H+] is greater than [OH-].
19.2 Ion Product Constant for Water • Unrefined hydrochloric acid, commonly called muriatic acid, is used to clean stone buildings and swimming pools.
19.2 Ion Product Constant for Water • A basic solution is one in which [H+] is less than [OH]. Basic solutions are also known as alkaline solutions.
19.2 Ion Product Constant for Water • Sodium hydroxide, or lye, is commonly used as a drain cleaner.
for Sample Problem 19.1 • Problem Solving 19.10 • Solve Problem 10 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
19.2 The pH Concept • The pH Concept • How is the hydrogen-ion concentration used to classify a solution as neutral, acidic, or basic?
19.2 The pH Concept • The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration.
19.2 The pH Concept • Calculating pH
19.2 The pH Concept • A solution in which [H+] is greater than 1 10–7M has a pH less than 7.0 and is acidic. The pH of pure water or a neutral aqueous solution is 7.0. A solution with a pH greater than 7 is basic and has a [H+] of less than 1 10–7M.
19.2 The pH Concept
19.2 The pH Concept
19.2 The pH Concept • Calculating pOH
19.2 The pH Concept • pH and Significant Figures
for Sample Problem 19.2 • Problem Solving 19.12 • Solve Problem 12 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
for Sample Problem 19.3 • Problem Solving 19.14 • Solve Problem 14 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
19.2 Measuring pH • Measuring pH • What is the most important characteristic of an acid-base indicator?
19.2 Measuring pH • An indicator is a valuable tool for measuring pH because its acid form and base form have different colors in solution.
19.2 Measuring pH • Phenolphthalein changes from colorless to pink at pH 7–9.
for Sample Problem 19.4 • Problem Solving 19.15 • Solve Problem 15 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
19.2 Measuring pH • Acid-Base Indicators
19.2 Measuring pH
19.2 Measuring pH • Universal Indicators
19.2 Measuring pH • pH Meters
19.2 Section Quiz. • 19.2.
19.2 Section Quiz. • 1. If the [OH-] in a solution is 7.65 10-3M, what is the [H+] of this solution? • 7.65 10-17M • 1.31 10-12M • 2.12M • 11.88M
19.2 Section Quiz. • 2. The [OH-] for four solutions is given below. Which one of the solution is basic? • 1.0 x 10-6M • 1.0 x 10-8M • 1.0 x 10-7M • 1.0 x 10-14M
19.2 Section Quiz. • 3. What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen-ion concentration of 8.5 x 10-2M? • 12.93 • 8.50 • 5.50 • 1.07
