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History of GIS

History of GIS. Lecture 2. The Five Phases of Development. The Research Frontier Experimentation and Practice Commercial Phase User-Dominance Web-Based Internet GI-Science. Web Based Timeline of GIS. The Research Frontier Late 1950’s to Mid 1970’s. Individual Led Development

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History of GIS

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  1. History of GIS Lecture 2

  2. The Five Phases of Development • The Research Frontier • Experimentation and Practice • Commercial Phase • User-Dominance • Web-Based Internet GI-Science Web Based Timeline of GIS

  3. The Research FrontierLate 1950’s to Mid 1970’s • Individual Led Development • 1958 - NASA - Data Availability • 1968 - Apollo 8 - Returned 1st Images from Space • Lack of Computing Resources • 1960’s - Early computer mapping packages • Harvard - SYMAP, IMGRID, CALFORM • Isoline Maps • 1969 - Jack Dangermond began ESRI • Arc Info

  4. Experimentation and PracticeMid 1970’ s to Early 1980’s • National Agencies Driving Development • Government Funded Research • NOAA Established • NASA • Huge Data Increase • SPOT, LandSat • Role of the Individual Diminished

  5. Commercial PhaseMid 1980’s • Corporate Software available • Competition • PC’s becoming popular • Individual market opening up • Isolated systems running GIS & isolated data sets • Minimal sharing of data • GPS becomes fully operational

  6. User Dominance1990’s • Strong competition among software vendors • Databases began to become distributed • Internet becomes operational • Network accessibility more common • Development of Standards • Quality control • Data tracking (Metadata)

  7. Web-Based Internet GI Services ShiftLate 1990’s - Present • Distributed and Interoperational Architecture • Data resides and is distributed over a network • Limitations - Requires high speed and wide bandwidth (Network Capacity) • Standardized Data • Data is not platform or program dependent • Google Earth, ArcWeb Explorer, National Map

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