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The Iron Curtain goes up. Churchill’s 1946 Fulton Speech What was the iron curtain “on the ground”. The Division of Europe into communist and non-communist. A new conflict now appeared. West versus east Capitalism/ democracy versus communism The USA versus the Soviet Union
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The Iron Curtain goes up • Churchill’s 1946 Fulton Speech • What was the iron curtain “on the ground”
A new conflict now appeared • West versus east • Capitalism/ democracy versus communism • The USA versus the Soviet Union • The Cold War had begun
The arrival of the Cold War • “A struggle between communism and capitalism/ democracy” • “A power struggle between the US and the USSR” • It is called the Cold War because the two sides never actually fight each other but oppose each other in a variety of other ways.
The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan • Truman Doctrine: • The US will support any country threatened by communist forces from outside or will support any government being threatened by communists from within • The Marshall Plan • Help rebuild western Europe so the people will not be attracted to communism
Issue No 2:Some thoughts on the thinking behind US policy making Clark M Clifford ‘The Clifford Memorandum’ George Kennan ‘The Long Telegram’ Dean Acheson ‘Rotten apples’ The Truman Doctrine The “Mr X” article
What is Truman really talking about in the Truman Doctrine? • Is it ideology? • Is it really a matter of a great power politics? • The use of idealism • Does it all come down to national self-interest?
George Kennan’s “Mr X” article • July 1947 in ‘Foreign Affairs’ • Who? George Kennan of “Long Telegram” fame • What is he saying? • Soviet ideological stance • Impossibility of compromise • The power of the Soviet Union • Traditional Russian behaviour • Containment • US needs resolution and determination • Cold War: a different type of struggle • Time and tactical retreats