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14.4 CONDUCTION, INSULATION AND PROTECTION

Write this title into your notes. 14.4 CONDUCTION, INSULATION AND PROTECTION. P 464 - 468. CONDUCTION:. Write this in your notebook. Energy transfer from one material to another by direct contact. Electrical energy transfers electrons

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14.4 CONDUCTION, INSULATION AND PROTECTION

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  1. Write this title into your notes 14.4 CONDUCTION, INSULATION AND PROTECTION P 464 - 468

  2. CONDUCTION: Write this in your notebook. • Energy transfer from one material to another by direct contact. • Electrical energy transfers electrons • Conductors are materials that allow transfer to happen. • Ex: copper, aluminum, silver and optical fibers. • See youtubeengineerguyvideo “how a laser works”

  3. Transition metals are good conductors of electricity and heat.

  4. PRINTED CIRCUITS • ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT PRINTED ON A THIN RIGID BOARD

  5. Printed circuits: Write this in your notebook. • Board = thin plastic sheet covered with copper. • A circuit is etched in. • Extra copper is removed. • Electric and electronic components are then soldered on.

  6. MASS MANUFACTURING OF CIRCUIT BOARDS VIDEO • Printed Circuit Board Video • There are many devices that use circuit boards: Cell phones, MP3 Players, DVD players, TV’s, Computers, and the list can go on….

  7. INSULATIONIt’s electrical function is: Write this in your notebook. • To PREVENT THE FLOW OF ELECTRIC CURRENT • Prevent INJURY as well as SHORT CIRCUITS • CERAMIC & PLASTIC are good insulators that can be wrapped around a wire, or used to contain electric flow.

  8. PROTECTION Write this in your notebook. • FUSES & CIRCUIT BREAKERS are used to protect circuits • These components stop the current flow in the event of a short circuit or power surge (overload).

  9. Fuses: • Regulate the amount of amps that go through a circuit. • Electrons will flow through the filament of a fuse when working properly. • Filaments can be found in light bulbs, diodes etc. • If the current intensity is to high the filament will eithermelt, or break into two pieces. • At this point the fuse will need to be replaced. Filament

  10. Breaker • It is a protective device that can be reset as many timesnecessary, thus it is better than a fuse as a fuse needs to be replaced every time the filament breaks. • Electrons flow through a bimetallic strip. If the current intensity gets to high, the strip heats up and bends. • The bending of this strip makes the breaker shut off and snap over to the off position. • When this happens you can go to your breaker panel and reset the breaker switch.

  11. 14.5 ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE Write this in your notebook. • RESISTORS LIMIT THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS THROUGH AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

  12. READING A RESISTORFor a 4 Band Resistor Review • THE 1ST TWO BANDS TELL YOU THE FIRST TWO DIGITS OF RESISTANCE • ex. RED=2; BLUE=6 • THE NEXT BAND TELLS YOU WHAT TO MULTIPLY THOSE NUMBERS BY • ex. RED=100 • LAST BAND IS TOLERANCE FACTOR • EX. GOLD= ±5% • THEREFORE A RESISTOR WITH RED, BLUE, RED, GOLD WOULD HAVE RESISTANCE OF 2600 Ω ±5%

  13. Decode resistorsp 468 Write this in your notebook. • Resistors are coated with ceramic. • They have colour coded bands to indicate resistance

  14. 2nd Reminder 3rd 1st Example: 1st band is red = 1st digit is 2 2nd band is orange = 2nd digit is 3 = 23 The 3rd colour is yellow = 4 so we add 4 zeros Black 0 Brown 1 Red 2 Orange 3 Yellow 4 Green 5 Blue 6 Violet 7 Gray 8 White 9 = 230 000 W

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