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14.4

14.4. Simple Machines. The 6 Simple Machines. Lever Wheel and Axle Inclined Plane Wedge Screw Pulley. Lever. Rigid bar that is free to move around a fixed point Fulcrum = Fixed point a lever rotates around Input Arm = Distance between the fulcrum in a lever and the input force

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14.4

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  1. 14.4 Simple Machines

  2. The 6 Simple Machines • Lever • Wheel and Axle • Inclined Plane • Wedge • Screw • Pulley

  3. Lever • Rigid bar that is free to move around a fixed point • Fulcrum = Fixed point a lever rotates around • Input Arm = Distance between the fulcrum in a lever and the input force • Output Arm = Distance between the fulcrum in a lever and the output force

  4. IMA of a lever • IMA = Input Arm / Output Arm

  5. First Class Lever • The fulcrum is located between the input force and the output force • Example: Seesaw, scissors • MA <, >, or = 1

  6. Second Class Lever • Output force is located between the input force and the fulcrum • Example: Wheelbarrow • MA > 1

  7. Third Class Lever • Input force is located between the fulcrum and the output force • Examples: Baseball bat, hockey stick • MA < 1

  8. Wheel and Axle • Simple machine that consists of two rigidly attached disks or cylinders, each one with a different radius

  9. Wheel and Axle • IMA = (radius where the input force is exerted) / (radius where the output force is exerted) • IMA <, or > 1 • IMA for a steering wheel is > 1

  10. Inclined Planes • Slanted surface along which a force moves an object to a different elevation

  11. Switchback Roads • ..\..\switchbackroads.jpg • Why do they exist? • The input force is decreased when the input distance is greater than the output distance

  12. Wedge • V-shaped object whose sides are two inclined planes sloped toward each other • Often used to split wood.

  13. Screw • Inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder • Screws with threads that are closer together have a greater IMA

  14. Pulley • Simple machine that consists of a rope that fits into a groove in a wheel

  15. Fixed pulley • Wheel attached in a fixed location • Only able to rotate in place • Direction of the input force is changed, not the size • IMA = 1

  16. Movable Pulley • Attached to an object being moved • Used to reduce the input force needed to lift a heavy object • IMA = 2

  17. Pulley System • Combination of fixed and movable pulleys • IMA of a pulley or pulley systems = number of rope sections supporting the load being lifted • To move this object 5 m up, I need to pull 20 m of rope

  18. Compound Machine • Combination of two or more simple machines that operate together • The output force of one simple machine becomes the input force for another simple machine

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