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TOP VIEW: SCHOOL

TOP VIEW: SCHOOL. science of designing and constructing buildings , bridges, and other structures to satisfy individual and communal needs. Architecture. Latin  architectura , from the Greek  ἀρχιτέκτων – arkhitekton , from  ἀρχι- " chief" and  τέκτων  “ builder, carpenter, mason.

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TOP VIEW: SCHOOL

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  1. TOP VIEW: SCHOOL

  2. science of designing and constructing buildings, bridges, and other structures to satisfy individual and communal needs

  3. Architecture • Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων – arkhitekton, from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων “builder, carpenter, mason

  4. PHYSICAL NEEDS

  5. EMOTIONAL NEEDS

  6. INTELLECTUAL NEEDS

  7. PSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS FOR RECOGNITION, FOR RESPONSE, FOR SELF-EXPRESSION ST. BASIL’S CATHEDRAL, MOSCOW

  8. ARCHITECTURE IN THE ANCIENT WORLD • ARCHITECTURE OF MESOPOTAMIA • ARCHITECTURE OF ANCIENT EGYPT • AEGEAN AND ANCIENT ARCHTIECTURE • ETRUSCAN AND ANCIENT ROMAN

  9. Since there was no local supply of stone, mud bricks and fired bricks were the principal building materials. temple becomes the predominant building

  10. ARCHITECTURE OF MESOPOTAMIA • Architecture of the Sumerians • Architecture of the Assyrians • Architecture of the Neo-Babylonians • Architecture of the Persians

  11. ARCHITECTURE OF THE SUMERIANS • The temple in the top of the Ziggurat represents the god-centered structure of the society and conveys dependence on God.

  12. ARCHITECTURE OF THE ASSYRIANS • This was built above the ground level of the city to convey the idea that the King stood between the gods and his people.

  13. ARCHITECTURE OF THE NEO-BABYLONIANS • One gate of the palace – Ishtar gate, is lined with several beasts done in brightly colored glazed bricks and dedicated to the goddess Ishta. Ishtar-gate of Babylon

  14. ISHTAR: goddess of fertility, love, war, sex

  15. ARCHITECTURE OF THE PERSIANS ROYAL PALACE OF PERSEPOLIS

  16. ARCHITECTURE OF ANCIENT EGYPT • ARCHITECTURE OF THE OLD KINGDOM • Mastaba • Pyramid of Zoser • Pyramid of Gizeh • ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE KINGDOM • Rock-cut tombs at Beni-Hasan • ARCHITECTURE OF THE NEW KINGDOM • Mortuary Temple of Hatsheput

  17. ARCHITECTURE OF THE OLD KINGDOM • Mastaba expressed the Egyptian aspiration for permanence, security and concern for after life. MASTABA (ARABIC FOR BENCH)

  18. this pyramid conveys the supremacy and power of the king even after his death. Stepped Pyramid of Zoser

  19. PYRAMIDS OF GIZEH -lion body/Pharoh head             -believed that lions were great guardians (believed lions didn’t sleep) form symbolizes permanence and stability together with transcendence

  20. ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE KINGDOM A period when the attempt was made to hide the tombs from the grave-robbers. • Rock-cut tombs at Beni-Hasan

  21. ARCHITECTURE OF THE NEW KINGDOM • Queen Hatsheput wanted it to be the symbol of peace on earth. Mortuary Temple of Hatsheput

  22. MORTUARY TEMPLE OF RAMSES II

  23. AEGEAN AND THE ANCIENT EMPIRE • THE AEGEAN ARCHITECTURE • THE MYCEAN ARCHITECTURE • ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECTURE

  24. AEGEAN ARCHITECTURE • values of efficient administration and order. • setting of harmonious living • Palace of Knossos, Crete

  25. MYCEAN ARCHTIECTURE conveys security and safety, dominance, and power.

  26. ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECTURE • PARTHENON: muscular-like human quality of the columns.

  27. ATHENA • goddess of wisdom, courage, inspiration, civilization, law and justice, just warfare, mathematics, strength, strategy, the arts, crafts, and skill

  28. ETRUSCAN AND ANCIENT ROMAN place of shelter protected by the wide overhang of its roof

  29. ANCIENT ROMAN ARCHITECTURE COLLOSEUM: values of order, persistence, tenacity in reaching the goal, superiority over the barbarians

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