Behavior Science Research Design

1. Behavior Science Research Design Fall, 2013

2. Behavioral Science Research Design[26 830 545] Instructor: Kent Harber Meeting times: Tu, Th. 11:30-12:50 Location: Smith Rm. 371 Office Hours: Tu., 2:00-4:00

3. Purpose and Goals Class  Provide a general toolbox for behavioral science * Emphasis on experiment design  * Emphasis on social/personality research Science Concepts Nature of science Logic of experiments Experiment design Statistics: Basic Stats T-Tests Factorial ANOVA Planned Contrast Regression Moderated Multiple Regression Techniques: Question design Writing tips

4. FACTORIAL DESIGN Self Esteem, External Support, and Height JudgmentsHarber, Yeung, & Iacovelli, Emotion, (in press).

5. Subjects Have High or Low Esteem, and….

6. High or Low External Resources

7. Factorial Design Factor 1: ??? Esteem: Low vs. High Factor 2: ??? External resource: Present vs. Absent How many questions does this design address? • Main effect Esteem • Main effect External Resource • Interaction of Esteem X Resource

8. Factorial Design

9. Course Content Sept. 3 Logic of experiments Sept. 5 Research Ethics Sept. 10 Generating research ideas Sept. 12 Philosophy of Science Sept. 17 Science and Society Sept. 19 Problems and hypotheses Sept. 24 Constructs, variables, definitions Sept. 26 Moderators and mediators Oct. 1 Independent variables Oct. 3 Dependent variables

10. Course Content,continued Oct. 8 Experimental designs Oct. 10 Challenges of behavioral science Oct. 15 Avoiding bias Oct. 17 Mid Term Oct. 22 Statistics review Oct. 24 Analyses of Differences: t-Tests Oct. 29 One way ANOVA I Oct. 31 One way ANOVA II Nov. 5 Two way ANOVA I Nov. 7 Two way ANOVA II

11. Course Content, cont. Nov. 12 Planned contrasts, post hoc tests Nov. 14 Correlation and regression Nov. 19 Regression Nov. 21 Moderated multiple regression Nov. 26 Survey methods: Question design I Nov. 28 THANKSGIVING Dec. 3 Survey methods: question design II Dec. 5 Non-experimental designs Dec. 10 Writing up research Dec. 12 Final exam review Dec. 19 Final exam [date subject to change]

12. Course Material Aronson, et al.Methods of research in social psychology. Course Reader: Front Office Text + Reader Cost = $8.00 Recommended: 1. APA Manual, Sixth Edition 2. The Compleat Academic: A Career Guide, Second J. M. Darley, M. P.Zanna, and H. L. Roediger, III 3. Multiple Regression: Testing … Interactions. L.S. Aiken and S.G. West 4. Regression Analyses for Categorical Moderators H. Aguinis 5. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS A. Field 6. Powerpoint Slides: Available on Webpage http://psychology.rutgers.edu/~kharber/

13. Course Grading Grazing Task 5% Phil. of Science Debate 5% Quiz 1 5% Quiz 2 5% Quiz 3 5% Stats Take-Home 15% Mid-term 25% Final 35%

14. Loyalty in Organizations • Measures • Observations • Relationships • Hypotheses • Theory

15. Develop Theory Cognitive Dissonance: drive to align experience with beliefs. Explain Human Nature “WHY” Test Hypotheses Severe Initiation  Liking of fraternity "HOW" Reveal Relationships Severe Initiation  Liking of fraternity Frat boys: mad  glad??? Observe Behav. Liking of fraternity Initiation rites “WHAT”

16. How are the Elements of Science Organized? Relationships Experiments Observations Theory

17. Hierarchy Model of Science Theory Hypothesis Experiment Measures/ Observations

18. Where Does the Fly Belong on the Hierarchy?

19. Theory Observations/Measures Hypotheses Experiments Mandela (Recursive) Model of Science

20. Cross Chatter of Science Theory Observations/ Measures Hypotheses Experiments Experiments Observations/Measures Hypotheses

21. THEORY--DEFINED A theory is a set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomenon by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining and predicting phenomena (Kerlinger & Lee, p. 11).

24. Jigsaw Puzzle Model of Science Data = Pieces Correlations = Joining of pieces to form larger pieces  Hypotheses = Ways of organizing pieces: “All same- colored pieces go together.” Theory = The entire puzzle, or enough of it to predict where missing pieces go and connect AND NOW WE WILL TEST A HYPOTHESIS …..

29. THEORY AND SEEING HMAS Sydney Sunk in Indian Ocean 1941; Found (in part) Via Cog. Psychology 2008 http://www.npr.org/2011/09/27/140816037/how-psychology-solved-a-wwii-shipwreck-mystery Bartlett's War of the Ghosts schema research, ca. 1930 Create "deviation maps" from Bartlett's original subjects Apply same method to German sailors' stories

30. Behaviors Behaviors * People will help a fellow shopper pick up spilled groceries after they, themselves, break a stranger’s camera. * People who form ambivalent romantic relationships tend to be unsure about the existence of a supreme being. * Paying children to do a task that they already like doing will make them like the task less. * Young children are more likely to freely explore if they have non-depressed mothers. * People become more loyal believers in a cult if the cult’s own predictions don’t come true. * People who tend to avoid close relationships also tend to be more mentally rigid. Theories As Organizers of Behavior Cognitive Dissonance Attachment Theory

31. Non Scientific Explanatory Systems • The Bible • Astrology • Folk Wisdom • Philosophy • US News and World Report

33. Hypotheses Unburdened by Data Each [social psychology] deception study leads to a breakdown in [societal] trust. Sissela Bok Our most important protections in a new world will be our old values. David Gergen, Editor at Large, U.S. News and World Report January 3, 2000