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Exodus

Exodus. Egypt. Sinai. Law. People of Israel at Sinai. Survey of Exodus – Sinai. The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) Arrival at Mt. Sinai third month (19:1-2) Tabernacle built 1 st day, 1 st month, 2 nd year Depart Sinai on 20 th day, 2 nd month, 2 nd year. Map of Exodus.

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Exodus

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  1. Exodus Egypt Sinai Law People of Israel at Sinai

  2. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • Arrival at Mt. Sinai third month (19:1-2) • Tabernacle built 1st day, 1st month, 2nd year • Depart Sinai on 20th day, 2nd month, 2nd year Map of Exodus

  3. Israelites released from captivity in Egypt by God, miraculously crossed the Red Sea and arrived at Sinai

  4. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • God's instructions to Moses - first trip up the mountain (19:3-6) • Moses goes up on the Mountain, God tells him to remind the people how God has taken them out of Egypt. "Bore you on eagles' wings." (4) • God tells Moses to restate to the people the need for them to keep his covenant. • They will be His own possession • They will be a kingdom of priests • They will be a holy nation

  5. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • Moses restates the covenant (19:7-8) • Elders & people respond that they will do as God says • Moses returns to the mountain with the peoples response - second trip up the mountain • God tells Moses to prepare the people for him coming down on the mountain in sight of all people (19:9-25) • Reason for the display of God talking to Moses on the mountain • People would believe that Moses was God's messenger • Give Moses authority before the people

  6. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • God’s display of power to confirm covenant (19:9-25) • God tells Moses to prepare the people for him coming down on the mountain in sight of all people • Reason for the display of God talking to Moses on the mountain • People would believe Moses was God's messenger • Give Moses authority before the people

  7. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • God’s display of power to confirm covenant (19:9-25) • Consecration of the people before God displayed his presence • Washing their clothes • Abstaining from sexual relations for the two days • Staying outside the boundaries of the Mountain or they would die • Stoned • Shot with arrows • Come near the mountain at the long blast of the ram's horn

  8. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • God’s display of power to confirm covenant (19:9-25) • God's sign on the mountain (19:16-25) • Third day - thunder, lightening, thick cloud over the mountain, loud trumpet sound, mountain quaked (18) • Moses brought the people near to the foot of the mountain • Moses spoke and God answered with thunder • God calls Moses up the mountain again - third trip • God to gives instructions to Moses for the Israelites • Priest to consecrate themselves • First born who were already consecrated to God • Those sons of Aaron who would become priests • Priests that came with them (Jethro was called a priest) • Bring Aaron up with him

  9. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • The ten commandments (20:1-17) • It appears that God spoke the ten commandments while Moses was before the people (19:25; 20:18-19) • God describes himself • Yahweh • Your God • The one who brought them out of Egypt

  10. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • The ten commandments (20:1-17) • Commandments 1 – 4 vertical relationship, 5-10 horizontal Yahweh Neighbor Neighbor “ ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind.’ 38 “This is the great and foremost commandment. 39 “The second is like it, ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ 40 “On these two commandments depend the whole Law and the Prophets.” (Mt 22:37-40

  11. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • The ten commandments (20:1-17) • #1 - No other gods (20:3) • Protects the oneness and uniqueness of God • Who to worship • To understand there is only one true God • Greatest commandment in New Testament – Love God with all your heart, soul and mind (Lk. 10:27) Then God spoke all these words, saying, 2 “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. 3 “You shall have no other gods before Me. (Ex 20:13)

  12. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • The ten commandments (20:1-17) • #2 - No idols (20:4-6) • Guides as to what not to worship • Not to transfer the spiritual nature to a physical nature • Augustine’s definition of idolatry: "Idolatry is worshiping anything that can be used, or using anything that is meant to be worshiped." 4 “You shall not make for yourself an idol, or any likeness of what is in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the water under the earth. 5 “You shall not worship them or serve them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, on the third and the fourth generations of those who hate Me, 6 but showing lovingkindness to thousands, to those who love Me and keep My commandments. (Ex 20:4-6)

  13. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • The ten commandments (20:1-17) • #3 - Not to take the Lord's name in vain (20:7) • Guides people to reverence God • Reverence – respect, worship • Protects God’s holiness, glory, honor & dignity • Vain = to be empty or worthless • Use in a worthless or frivolous manner 7 “You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not leave him unpunished who takes His name in vain. (Ex 20:7).

  14. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • The ten commandments (20:1-17) • #4 - Remember the Sabbath (20:8-11) • Guides people to set aside a time for God • Keep it holy - set it aside for God's purpose • As God ceased his work after the sixth day, God sets aside the seventh day as a day to cease from our normal work • Jesus’ pointed out the Sabbath was made for man not man for the Sabbath (Mk. 2:27) 8 “Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. 9 “Six days you shall labor and do all your work, 10 but the seventh day is a sabbath of the Lord your God; in it you shall not do any work, you or your son or your daughter, your male or your female servant or your cattle or your sojourner who stays with you. 11 “For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day and made it holy. (Ex 20:8-11)

  15. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • The ten commandments (20:1-17) • #5 - Honor your father and mother (20:12) • Protects the family • Promise attached to it: your days will be prolonged in the land which God gives you “Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be prolonged in the land which the Lord your God gives you. (Ex 20:12)

  16. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • The ten commandments (20:1-17) • #6 - Do not murder (20:13) • Protects life “You shall not murder. (Ex 20:13) • #7 - Do not commit adultery (20:14) • Protects marriage “You shall not commit adultery. (Ex 20:14 )

  17. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • The ten commandments (20:1-17) • #8 - Do not steal (20:15) • Protects property and society • #9 - Do no bear false witness (20:16) • Not to lie • Protects justice and society “You shall not steal. (Ex 20:15) You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. (Ex 20:16)

  18. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • The ten commandments (20:1-17) • #10 - Do not covet (12:17) • Protects having a jealous and envious heart • The tablets of the ten commandments • On two stone tablets, front and back • Size: had to fit in the Ark of the covenant, 3' by 2' “You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife or his male servant or his female servant or his ox or his donkey or anything that belongs to your neighbor.” (Ex 20:17)

  19. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • God's display of power (20:18-20) • People reacted with awe and fear • Want Moses to speak to them himself • Afraid to have God speak to them directly lest they die • God displayed his power to encourage the fear and reverence of him to keep them from sin

  20. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • God's instruction on building an alter (20:21-26) • Alter was a means to approach God • Peace and burnt offerings offered on it • Construction • Made of stones or earth • Stones were not to be cut by hand thus avoiding carved images • Built wherever God caused his name to be honored • Jacobs latter • Places where God appeared to people • No steps so nakedness not seen • Refers to other religions with sexual rituals involved

  21. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • Other laws and ordinances (20:21-23:19) • Overview • There are 613 specific laws • 248 are positive commands • 365 prohibitions • Laws concerning slaves (21:1-11) • People sold themselves • Maximum of six years

  22. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • Other laws and ordinances (20:21-23:19) • Laws concerning acts of violence (21:12-27) • Eye for an eye • Judicial not revenge • Death penalty was stipulated for seven of the twenty-one crimes • Laws concerning damage by or to animals (21:28-36) • Laws concerning theft and destruction of property (22:1-15)

  23. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • Other laws and ordinances (20:21-23:19) • Various other laws (22:16-23:9) • Abuse • Strangers (22:21) • Widows and orphans (22:22-24) • Poor (22:25-27) • Those in authority (22:28) • God (22:29-30) • Themselves (22:31) • Justice for all (23:1-11)

  24. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • Other laws and ordinances (20:21-23:19) • Laws concerning the Sabbath and feasts (23:12-19) • Sabbath (23:12-13) • Not to mention other gods • Probably means not to make oaths or curses • Leaves the impression that they are real • Three annual feasts • Feast of Unleavened Bread (includes Passover) • Feast of the Harvest (first fruits or Pentecost) • Feast of the Ingathering (Tabernacles)

  25. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • Results of keeping the law (23:20-33) • Angel sent to guard them on their journey • God will give them the land of the Amorites, etc. • Worship no other gods • Break down the sacred pillars • God will bless them with all their needs (food, etc.) • They will take possession little by little • Land from Red Sea to Euphrates will be theirs • Not to make covenant with people or their gods • To do so will cause them to worship other gods and sin against the true God

  26. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • The laws delivered to Moses (19:1-24:18) • People's response to God's law (24:1-18) • Moses recounts the words of the Lord • People accept words - Moses wrote them down • Built an alter twelve pillars = the twelve tribes • Offered sacrifices • Read the "Book of the Covenant" • People again agree to follow the commandments • Sacrifice blood sprinkled on the Israelites as a sign of the covenant • Moses on Mountain to get the tablets • On mountain for forty days and forty nights

  27. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • Instruction for the Construction of the Tabernacle (25:1-31:18) • Instruction on the design of the tabernacle (25:1-27:21) • Tabernacle means "tent." (transportable) • Sanctuary - place set apart • House of the Lord (Deut. 23:18) • Temple of the Lord (1 Sam. 1:9) • Purpose of the tabernacle • Place of worship - Place set aside or dedicated to God • Meeting place with God and Israel • Reason for the purifying and holy of holies • Represented God in their midst - center of their lives

  28. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • Instruction for the Construction of the Tabernacle (25:1-31:18) • Instruction - design of tabernacle (25:1-27:21) • Materials given by freewill offering (25:1-9) • Acacia tree: A heavy wood resistant to insects - grown in the Sinai region to 20 feet. • Badger skin (KJV): Probably skin of a sea animal such as porpoise (NASV) or dugong (similer to a seal) • Portable worship places - attested to in ancient times • Critics have doubted whether it ever existed • An Egyptian one dating to 2600 BC was found in Gaza • Canaanite god El had a portable shrine

  29. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • Instruction for the Construction of the Tabernacle (25:1-31:18) • Instruction - design of tabernacle (25:1-27:21) • Parts of the tabernacle (25:22-27:21) • Ark with the mercy seat (25:10-22) • Table of showbread or bread of presence (25:23-30) • Lampstand (25:31-40) • Rooms (26:1-37) • Holy of Holies - Only contained the ark of covenant • Holy place • Alter of burnt offerings (27:1-8) • Outer court (27:9-19) - 100 cubits by 50 cubits or 150' by 75' • Oil for lamps (27:20-21)

  30. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • Instruction for the Construction of the Tabernacle (25:1-31:18) • Instructions on the priesthood (28:1-30:38) • Priests chosen by God (28:1) • Aaron - high priest • Aaron's sons • Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, Ithamar

  31. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • Instruction for the Construction of the Tabernacle (25:1-31:18) • Instructions on the priesthood (28:1-30:38) • Garments of the priests (28:2-43) • High Priest • Breastplate • Ephod - apron like garment. • Robe - worn under the ephod • Turban - headdress • All the priests • Coat • Band (girdle) - sash around the waist • Headdress • Linen undergarments

  32. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • Instruction for the Construction of the Tabernacle (25:1-31:18) • Instructions on the priesthood (28:1-30:38) • Consecration of the priests (29:1-34) • Consecration by blood (29:21) • Consecration in the tabernacle (29:38-30:38) • Alter of burnt offering • Alter of incense • Offering for the tabernacle • Bronze Laver • Anointing oil • Incense

  33. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • Instruction for the Construction of the Tabernacle (25:1-31:18) • Instruction on the labor of the tabernacle (31:1-11) • Instruction on observing the Sabbath (31:12-18) • God gives Moses the tablets (31:18)

  34. TABERNACLE

  35. TABERNACLE: BUILDINGHOLY PLACE: SANCUARY ENTRANCE

  36. TABERNACLE: OUTER COURTALTAR OF BURNT OFFERINGS • Outer court - connected with the sacrifice • Alter of burnt offerings (Ex. 27:1-8; 38:1-7) • All offerings were presented here, except sin offering which was done outside the camp • Size - 71/2' square and 41/2 high • Horns on each corner

  37. TABERNACLE: OUTER COURTLAVER • Outer court - connected with the sacrifice • Bronze laver (Ex. 30:17-21; 38:8; 40:7) • A container on a base to hold water for washing of the priest. • Stood between the alter of burnt offering & entrance to the holy place • Priests washed at it before entering the holy place and before offering sacrifices at the alter

  38. TABERNACLEHOLY PLACE: VEIL

  39. TABERNACLE: BUILDINGHOLY PLACE & HOLY OF HOLIES

  40. TABERNACLEHOLY PLACE: LAMPSTAND • Holy Place – symbolic items • Golden Lampstand(Ex. 25:31-34; 27:20-21; 37:17-24) • - Stayed lit at night • - Represented God's abiding presence

  41. TABERNACLEHOLY PLACE: TABLE OF SHOWBREAD • Holy Place – symbolic items • Table of showbread (Ex. 25:23-30; 37:10-16). • - Twelve cakes of fine flower • - Represented the 12 tribes offered to God • - Priest placed new ones there every Sabbath and ate the old ones

  42. TABERNACLEHOLY PLACE: ALTAR OF INCENSE • Holy Place – symbolic items • Alter of incense (Ex. 30:1-10; 34-38; 37:25-29); Called golden alter • - Incense represent prayers going up before God, incense burned in morning and evening - no burnt, meat, or drink offering to be made on it • - Blood of the sin offering sprinkled on it once a year, day of atonement • - Fire original provided by God from the alter of burnt offerings in censer, threw incense on it and entered the holy place and placed it on the alter (Nadab and Abihu used strange fire and were struck dead - Lev. 10:1-7)

  43. TABERNACLEHOLY OF HOLIES: ARK OF COVENANT • Holy of Holies • Ark of the covenant • - Contained the two tablets of stone. • - Size: 3' 9" by 2' 3" wide and 2' 3" high. • - Mercy seat on top (propitiatory). • - God revealed himself on the mercy seat on the Day of Atonement as God pardons sin

  44. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • Israelites revert to idolatry (32:1-34:35) • Israelites make and idol (32:1-7) • Moses stayed 40 days and 40 nights • People did not know what happened to him • If Moses would not return they wanted an idol to go before them • Aaron has them contribute articles of gold • Aaron fashions a golden calf • Offered sacrifices • See v. 8, "this is your God who brought you out of Egypt."

  45. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • Israelites revert to idolatry (32:1-34:35) • Israelites make and idol (32:1-7) Golden young bull may well be associated with the Egyptian gods with which the Israelites had become familiar

  46. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • Israelites revert to idolatry (32:1-34:35) • God tells Moses what the Israelites are doing (32:8-14) • Obstinate people (9). • God raises the possibility of destroying them and making Moses a great nation. • Moses discusses the situation with God. • Points out that the Egyptian would say that God delivered them only to do evil. • God decides not to destroy them

  47. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • Israelites revert to idolatry (32:1-34:35) • Moses' response to the people's sin (32:15-29) • Throws down the tablets • Grinds up the calf, puts it in their drinking water • Aaron's excuse - threw the gold in the fire and out popped the golden calf • Moses calls for those who are for the Lord to make it known • Sons on Levi join Moses • 3,000 people slain who were still participating in the worship of the golden calf by the Levites

  48. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • Israelites revert to idolatry (32:1-34:35) • Moses intercedes for the people (32:30-33:23) • Moses love for the people (32:32) • God punishes with a plague (32:35) • People go into morning thinking they are losing God's presence (33:1-6) • Tent of meeting put outside the camp because it had been profaned • Probably Moses' tent or a tent used by him to receive instruction from God • Tabernacle had not yet been built • People worship when cloud descended

  49. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • Israelites revert to idolatry (32:1-34:35) • Moses intercedes for the people (32:30-33:23) • Moses relationship with God - friend (33:11) • Moses obtains a pardon for the Israelites (33:12-17) see v. 17 • Whose going with them if not God (12) • Moses desires to know God's ways (13) • Consider the Israelites that they are His people (13) • God says he will go with them (14)

  50. Survey of Exodus – Sinai • Israelites revert to idolatry (32:1-34:35) • Moses intercedes for the people (32:30-33:23) • Moses obtains a pardon for the Israelites (33:12-17) see v. 17 • Moses says they do not want to go without His presence (15) • Because it is only with his presence that distinguishes them from other people • Moses found favor in the eyes of the Lord so God goes with them • Moses request and sees God indirectly, back of God (18-23)

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