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New POPs Pesticides - Assessment/Inventory and Alternatives

1. Enabling Activities to Review and Update the National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 4-5 March 2013, Antalya, Turkey. New POPs Pesticides - Assessment/Inventory and Alternatives. Roland Weber

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New POPs Pesticides - Assessment/Inventory and Alternatives

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  1. 1 Enabling Activities to Review and Update the National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 4-5 March 2013, Antalya, Turkey New POPs Pesticides - Assessment/Inventory and Alternatives Roland Weber POPs Environmental Consulting, Göppingen, Germany roland.weber10@web.de

  2. 9 +1 new POPs (added to the Convention)

  3. Listed in: Annex A (Elimination) Production: No exemption Use:Specific exemptionfor human health pharmaceutical for control of head lice and scabies as second line treatment Lindane • Proposal: 2005, Mexico • Risk profile: UNEP/POPS/POPRC.2/17/Add.4 • Risk management evaluation:UNEP/POPS/POPRC.3/20/Add.4 FACTSHEET Past use: About 600,000 tons of lindane used globally 1950-2000 as pesticide and veterinary/human applications Currently: Some countries are still known to produce or use lindane (e.g. for seed dressing, control of termites, head lice, etc) Alternatives: Exists but not readily available in some countries especially for control of head lice and scabies

  4. Alpha-HCH and Beta-HCH beta-HCH alpha-HCH  • Proposal: 2006, Mexico • Risk profile: UNEP/POPS/POPRC.3/20/Add.8 and Add.9 • Risk management evaluation:UNEP/POPS/POPRC.4/15/Add.3 and 4 FACTSHEET Past use: In technical HCH; high-volume by-productsof lindane: Production of one ton of lindane generates approximately 8 tons of alpha- and beta-HCH. Currently: Large stockpiles of alpha- and beta-HCH exist. Alternatives: As there is no commercial use of alpha- and beta-HCH, alternatives are not needed. • Listed in: Annex A (Elimination) • Production: No exemption • Use: No exemption

  5. Alpha-HCH and Beta-HCH Wastes and Stockpiles Large amount of obsolete waste and stockpile of alpha-, beta-HCH and lindane

  6. Management and deposition of HCH waste isomers East Germany 1960s

  7. Global HCH Inventory Map Countries with Estimated Production Waste (IHPA 2009) Global assessment needed ! Total Estimate: 4-7 million tons Discovered: 1.6-1.9 million tons. http://www.ihpa.info/actions/hch/map/ Vijgen et al Env Sci Pollut Res. 18, 152-162 (2011). www.springerlink.com/content/g62g810418512421/fulltext.pdf

  8. SC Country Assessment/Inventory New POPs: Lindane & HCHs • Areas relevant for assessing Lindane/HCH in country • Situation for permitted uses: Head lice & scabies (2nd line treatment) • Lindane: Currently applied for non permitted uses? • Stockpiles and contaminated sites of Lindane/HCH? • Former Lindane producer or formulator? • Stockpiles from lindane/HCH use • Contaminate areas from lindane/HCH application

  9. Listed in: Annex A (Elimination) Production: No exemption Use: No exemption Chlordecone • Proposal: 2005, European Community • Risk profile: UNEP/POPS/POPRC.2/17/Add.1 • Risk management evaluation:UNEP/POPS/POPRC.3/20/Add.1 FACTSHEET Past use: Agricultural pesticide (banana plantation) Used in 1966-1975 in the USA for ant and roach. In France produced until 1991. Currently: No production and use reported. French island of Martinique/Guadeloupe are heavily contaminated with chlordecone. Alternatives: Available

  10. SC Country Assessment/inventory New POPs: Chlordecone Areas relevant for assessing Chlordecone: • “It cannot be excluded that Chlordecone may still be produced or used as an agricultural pesticide in some developing countries, although there are no reports of such production or use.”(UNEP/POPS/POPRC.3/20/Add.2). Up to now: No Chlordecone found on the market. • Is/was Chlordecone registered and used in country? (Former Trade Names: Chlordecone, Clordecone, Kepone, Merex, GC 1189, ENT 16391, Curlone) • Contaminated sites and stockpiles: • Stockpiles/waste of Chlordecone? • Former producer or formulator?

  11. Alternatives to Chlordecone • Pesticide to control banana root borer: Ethoprop, oxamyl • Pesticide to control tobacco wireworms: Cyfluthrin, imidacloprid • General pest management: Cultural practices like crop rotation, intercropping, and trap cropping; barrier methods, such as screens and bagging of fruit; use of traps such as pheromone and light traps to attract and kill insects; Bacillus thuringiensis;

  12. Alternatives to Chlordecone Pesticide to control ants and/or cockroaches: Azadirachtin, bifenthrin, boric acid, carbaryl, capsaicin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, diazinon, dichlorvos, esfenvalerate, imidacloprid, lamda-cyhalothrin, malathion, permethrin, piperonyl butoxide, pyrethrins, pyriproxyfen, resmethrin, s-bioallerthrin, tetramethrin, ?Sulfluramid? a PFOS precursor !!

  13. Challenges of Alternatives to Chlordecone: Sulfluramid as PFOS Precursor • According to information to POPRC from China, Sulfluramid- a PFOS precursor (POP!) - is used also against cockroaches, white ants and fire ants in China. China in POPRC: “The cost and the efficiency of alternatives would require further investigation.” • What alternatives are used in a country for the control of cockroaches and ants?

  14. Alternatives to Sulfluramide Sulfluramide alternatives used in China for cockroach/ants PfDNV Ivermectin Deltamethrin Permethrin beta-Cypermethrin Flursulamid Fipronil Indoxacarb Chlorbenzuron Metarhizium anisopliae Emamectin benzoate Azamethiphos Fenitrothion Hydramethylnon Boric acid Chlorpyrifos Propoxur Acephate Imidacloprid Source: Huang, Stockholm Convention New POPs Workshop, Beijing 06/2010

  15. Problem of some alternatives to POPs Pesticides:Neonicotinoids and decline of bees/pollinators Alarming declines of wild bees and honey bees is reported in industrial countries. The decline of pollinators threatens harvest & nutrition safety. Neonicotinoid pesticides (e.g. imidacloprid) have been closely linked to bee declines and are banned to different degrees in a number of European countries. Other Neonicotinoids on the market suspected for impacting bee decline: Clothianidin, acetamiprid, thiacloprid thiamethoxam. Other key pesticide linked to bee decline: Fibronil.

  16. EU Partial Ban on Certain Neonicotinoids (01/2013) • European Food Safety Agency (Efsa) concluded that seeds coated with certain neonicotinoid insecticides posed a ‘high risk’ to honey bees from crops producing nectar and pollen. • http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/3066.htm • http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/3067.htm • http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/3068.htm • 01/2013 European Commission proposed a partial ban on three neonicotinoids: – imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin. Courtesy: Prof. Mahbubar Rahman Dorsata collecting nectar from Sunflower flower, another oilseed crop

  17. Alternatives to POPs Pesticides Guidance on alternative strategies for sustainable pest and vector management: http://www.chem.unep.ch/Publications/pdf/POPred_E.pdf FAO book: “Safe and Grow Campaign” http://www.ecoaccord.org/pop/doc/HazPesticidesGuide_R3.pdf http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2215e/i2215e.pdf

  18. Tesekkür Ederim Questions ? http://www.pops.int ssc@pops.int

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