Mississippi Valley Equipment Co.

1. Mississippi Valley Equipment Co. 1198 Pershall Road St. Louis, MO 63137 Toll Free: 1-800-325-8001 Website: www.mve-stl.com Mississippi Valley Equipment Company Office

2. A Winning Team!!

3. Mississippi Valley Equipment Co. • Mississippi Valley Equipment was founded in St. Louis, MO in 1933 • We are a distributor of MKT Pile Driving and Drilling Equipment: vibratory hammers, hydraulic augers, hydraulic impact hammers, air hammers, leads, accessories, SPI diesel hammers, and custom / design manufacturing, etc.

4. 1.) 3 Main Components of a vibratory driver / extractor system • 1.) Diesel-driven hydraulic power unit MKT HP-365 power unit

5. 3 Main Components of a vibratory driver / extractor system (cont.): • 2.) Pressure-rated hydraulic hose bundle

6. 3 Main components of a vibratory driver / extractor system (cont.): • 3.) Exciter case fitted w/ suspension and hydraulic clamp assemblies to fit different applications MKT V-22 w/ caisson beam

7. 2.) How a hydraulic vibratory driver / extractor system works: • A.) A vibratory hammer drives a pile through a combination of driving force, frequency, amplitude, and free-hanging weight. The driving force of a hammer is determined by it’s eccentric moment & steady-state frequency. MKT V-52 w/ caisson beam

9. How a vibratory driver / extractor system works (cont.): • Eccentric Moment – term used to describe the effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis. It is the value in inch-pounds equal to the weight of the eccentric multiplied by the distance from the center-line of gravity to the center-line of rotation, then multiplied by the total number of eccentrics used in the machine.

10. How a vibratory driver / extractor system works (cont.): • The size of the eccentric moment affects the driving force, attainable amplitude, operating frequency, and power requirements for the hammer Eccentric moment = distance from center line of gravity to center line of rotation, times total # of eccentrics in machine

11. How a vibratory driver / extractor system works (cont.): • Amplitude – the vertical movement of the total vibrating system, and the direct result of the applied force generated by the rotating eccentrics a.) amplitude = (eccentric moment) (vibrating mass) X 2 b.) the “vibrating mass” consists of the weight of the hammer + the total pile weight

12. How a vibratory driver / extractor system works (cont.): • Amplitude (cont.) • Example: AN MKT V-22 vibratory driver / extractor is driving 40’ PZ-27 sheet pile: What amplitude can the contractor expect? PZ-27 = 40.5 lbs/ft x 40’ (sheet length) = 1,620lbs x 2 (driven in pairs) = 3,240 (total weight of pair) 2,600 in/lbs (eccentric moment) 8,750 (V-22 weight) + 3,240 (pile weight) X 2 (2,600) (11,990) X 2 = (.216) x 2 = .432 amplitude, or 7/16” amplitude

13. How a vibratory driver / extractor system works (cont.): • Amplitude (cont.) • As a rule of thumb, for effective driving the hammer must have amplitude of equal to or greater than ¼” • Generally speaking, the higher the amplitude, the more effective the hammer will be at driving pile in soils considered marginal to vibratory driving • Higher amplitudes may also increase risk of damage to adjacent structures. Be sure to have trained professionals carefully evaluate soils & project information

15. How a vibratory driver / extractor system works (cont.): • Frequency = the number of cycles, or rotations per minute the system can achieve while free-hanging • Steady-State Frequency = the number of cycles per minute the system can achieve while attached to a pile and introduced to the dampening characteristics of the soil being penetrated

16. How a vibratory driver / extractor system works (cont.): • Free-hanging weight – the overall weight of the hammer, in combination with it’s frequency & driving force, helps to drive the pile. • Bias weights can be added to the hammer in cases where soils are considered marginal to vibratory driving MKT V-22 with bias weight

17. How a vibratory driver / extractor system works (cont.) • In order to effectively drive a pile, work must be done. To do work, force must be exerted through a given distance. In a vibratory hammer, this force is generated through the rotating eccentrics. This is also known as centrifugal force.

18. How a vibratory driver / extractor system works (cont.): • The eccentrics of a vibratory hammer are attached to a shaft, and are mounted in pairs opposite one another, on a horizontal plane inside the gearbox. The pinion shaft(s) are connected to a hydraulic motor/motors mounted to the outside of the gear box. As the eccentrics rotate in opposite directions, their horizontal forces cancel one another out, leaving only vertical vibration (see following diagram)

19. How a vibratory driver / extractor system works (cont.): Position # 1 Position # 3 Position # 2 Position # 4

20. How a vibratory driver / extractor system works (cont.): • By virtue of being firmly clamped to the pile, the vertical vibration created in the gearbox by the rotating eccentrics is transmitted into the pile being driven. • The vibrations exerted through the pile and then into the soil cause a process referred to as soil liquefaction. This occurs when the loose, granular particles in the soil become loose & jumbled, or liquefied. The shearing action created by the vibration of the pile coupled with the combined weight of the hammer & pile allows for the pile to be driven through the “liquefied” soil.

21. How a vibratory driver / extractor system works (cont.): • The upward vertical vibrations created by the rotating eccentrics in the hammer are absorbed by the hammer’s suspension assembly, or suppressor assembly. This assembly contains a number of rubber elastomers, which absorb the vibrations imparted by the hammer and prevent damage to the crane boom. • The elastomers should be periodically inspected when hammer is being used regularly. They can break, or “pop”, in hard driving conditions

22. 3.) Vibratory Hammer Set-Up • 1.) Be sure that hydraulic power unit is set on level ground MKT HP-700 power unit

23. Vibratory Hammer Set-up (cont.) • 2.) Connect hydraulic hose bundle to power unit (quick couplers have the plug & couplers alternately matched to prevent incorrect hose connection). MKT Quick Disconnects

24. Vibratory Hammer Set-up (cont.): • Wipe & clean all connectors & couplers prior to connection in order to prevent system contamination -- can use simple diesel fuel • Take great care not to damage hose bundle by kinking, cutting, running over, etc. • After use make sure to wipe clean & plug/cap all connectors

25. Vibratory Hammer Set-up (cont.): • Check all fluid levels in engine prior to start-up Check radiator fluid level Check engine oil

26. Vibratory Hammer Set-up (cont.) • Check level of hydraulic fluid in reservoir to make sure it is not below the inspection gauge • Check oil level in pump-drive Hydraulic reservoir Pump drive

27. Vibratory Hammer Set-up (cont.): • With the hammer level and in the vertical position, check exciter housing lubrication oil via sight glass on hammer. • Oil level should not be allowed to drop below halfway in sight glass

28. Vibratory Hammer Set-up (cont.): • If reconnecting hydraulic lines, lift hammer in vertical position. Bleed clamp cylinder of any excess air that may have become trapped in the system. First make sure clamp is completely closed, in order to maintain pressure. Then bleed clamp via Allen wrench, as shown in picture on bottom right. Bleed clamp until fluid runs clear. Close clamp completely Bleed clamp using Allen wrench

29. Cold Weather Vibro Set-Up / Start-Up

30. 4.) Vibratory Hammer Operation • 1.) Prior to driving or extracting, make sure top of pile is flush with bottom of inside of clamp housing. Failure to do so can cause unnatural stresses on jaws and clamp assembly resulting in potential failure of jaws and/or clamp components & system

31. Vibratory Hammer Operation (cont.) • Close jaws via clamp-close switch on either remote pendant, or control panel. Pilot operated check-valves ensure jaws remain locked in place until powered in the other direction

32. Vibratory Hammer Operation (cont.) • Piles are driven by completely relaxing the hoist line once the hammer is properly clamped to the pile, and the vibration of the hammer is started MKT V-52 driving sheets

33. Vibratory Hammer Operation (cont.) • When a pile can be driven no further due to an overload of the pile/soil system, the frequency of the hammer will noticeably slow down • If pile can be driven no further due to striking an impenetrable object, there will be a considerable drop-off in drive pressure and exciter will “dance” in place. To continue driving, object must be removed, or alternate method of driving must be selected (ex. impact hammer )

34. Vibratory Hammer Operation (cont.): • Piles are extracted by tensioning the hoist line, while hammer is vibrating. Pulling capacity is limited by rating of suspension assembly and tensile strength of pile. • 2nd crane line should be attached to adjacent pile (dead man) and drawn tight as a precautionary measure against sudden loss of load

35. 5.) Service & Maintenance • Vibratory hammers should be inspected regularly to keep in good operating condition. • Proper maintenance begins w/ cleanliness. Make sure no foreign material enters hydraulic fluid circuit. • All filters should be changed after initial (50) hours of operating time on new hammers. During normal operation these filters should be changed after every 200 hrs, or at least twice per year. On larger units (V-22, V-52), pump drive fluid should be changed approx every 500 hrs. • Change exciter case oil after approx. 50 hrs drive time, or as needed • Hydraulic fluid should be maintained at all times. Make sure all hydraulic hose connections are tight & leak-free.

36. Service & Maintenance (cont.) • Check hydraulic fluid level on tank before and during operation. Do not operate if fluid level registers below inspection gauge. • In normal, safe operation of MKT vibratory system, hydraulic fluid temperatures should remain in range of 115 degrees Farenheit to 165 degrees farenheit. • If hydraulic oil temperature becomes excessive (above 180 degrees), stop operation and consult w/ factory or nearest MKT factory authorized servicing distributor

37. Service & Maintenance (cont.) • MKT vibratory drivers / extractors typicallly uses a petroleum base gear oil, Shell Omala 220 or equivalent. • If hammer is consistently being pushed beyond recommended duty cycle, or if hammer is being operated in excessively hot conditions, a synthetic alternative is available. Shell Omala 220 RL or equivalent. • Our experience shows the synthetic oil reduces the hammer’s operating temperature by 15-20 degrees. In addition, the synthetic alternative offers superior corrosion protection, improved oxidation, and thermal stability

38. Service & Maintenance (cont.) • Warning: Do not start power unit if main pump has been inactive for a long time w/o first checking to make sure pump is full of oil. This will prevent the starting of the pump w/o the proper lubrication, which can potentially cause pump damage. To check the main pump remove the drain hose and visually inspect to determine there is the proper amount of oil. If oil must be added, extreme care must be taken to ensure cleanliness of oil, so as not to contaminate entire system. MKT recommends the oil being introduced to system pass through a 10 micron filter.

39. Service & Maintenance (cont.) • After start-up & operation of the hammer, check the following: • Inspect lines for hydraulic leaks • Inspect oil seal areas in pump drive & control valves for leaks • Allow hydraulic oil temp to rise slightly above pour temp (preferably 30 degrees or more) before starting the hammer • Before attaching to pile, open & close clamp jaws to ensure proper function • Be sure hydraulic lines are free of kinks and they hang uniformly • Always maintain a close check on lifting cable to ensure integrity • Using a pyrometer, monitor bearing cover temperatures on exciter case

40. 6.) Safety (general) • Virtually all jobsite accidents that involve product operation, maintenance, and repair are caused by failure to follow fundamental safety rules or precautions. Accidents can often be avoided by identifying potentially unsafe situations before an accident occurs. Be cognizant of your surroundings and alert to potential hazards. Those operating the equipment should have the necessary training, tools, and skills to do so.

41. Safety (cont.) • Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance, or repair on this equipment until you have read and understand the applicable information in the Operation & Maintenance manual. • The information, specifications, and illustrations in the manuals are based on information available at the time it was written. The specs, torques, pressures, measurements, adjustments, illustrations, and other items can and do change at any time. These changes can effect the performance and service given to the product. Obtain the latest and most complete information about the product to be used prior to job start-up. MKT Manufacturing, Inc & MKT distributors have the most current information available.

42. Safety (cont.) • Use caution when removing filler caps, grease fittings, pressure taps, breathers or drain plugs. Hold a rag over the cap or plug to prevent being sprayed or splashed by hot liquids under pressure. • Always wear hard hat, protective glasses, hearing protection, and other protective equipment as required. • Avoid wearing loose fitting clothing or jewelry that can get caught on controls or other parts of equipment. • Make certain all protective guards & covers are in place • Use all cleaning solutions w/ care. • Report all needed repairs.

43. Safety (maintenance) • To properly service the equipment, stop the hammer or drill, & engine. • Disconnect battery whenever performing any maintenance or before servicing the electrical system. If engine has electric starters, disconnect and protect the battery ground leads to prevent accidental start-up • NEVER attempt any repairs or adjustments to the engine or hammer while it is running. • Do not attempt repairs or adjustment you do not understand. Call the factory! Use proper tools: replace or repair broken or damaged • If applicable, block or restrain the equipment before performing maintenance. • Do not adjust, or set, hydraulic pressures. Contact MKT to have a factory trained technician perform this work.

44. Safety: Pressurized Air & Water • Pressurized air or water can cause personal injury. When using pressurized air or water for cleaning, wear protective face shield, protective clothing, and protective shoes. • The maximum air pressure must be below 30 psi, and maximum water pressure must be below 40 psi for cleaning purposes.

45. Safety: Fluid Penetration • Wear eye protection at all times when cleaning the cooling system. Pressurized water could cause debris and/or hot water to be blown, and result in personal injury. • Always use a board or cardboard when checking for a leak. Fluid escaping under pressure, even through a pin-hole size leak, can penetrate body tissue, causing serious injury or death. • Hot liquids coming into contact with skin can cause severe burns. • If fluid is injected directly onto your skin, it must be treated by a doctor familiar with this type of injury immediately.

46. Safety: Hoses, Lines, & Tubes • Do not pull on, or attempt to move equipment, with hydraulic hoses. Move power unit closer to work if hoses do not reach. • Replace any damaged or kinked hoses immediately. Failure to do so could result in personal injury or death. • Do not lift, or support, hydraulic hoses w/ wire-rope slings. • Do not attempt to pull out kinks in hydraulic hoses. Kinks can reduce the hose safety factor by up to 50%. • Do not bend or strike high-pressure lines. Do not install bent or damaged lines, tubes, or hoses.

47. Safety: Hoses, Lines, & Tubes (Cont.) • Inspect all lines, tubes, and hoses carefully. Do not use bare hands to check for leaks….wear protective gloves. Tighten all connections to factory recommended torque. • Repair any loose or damaged fuel and oil lines, tubes or hoses prior to equipment start-up. Leaks can cause fire and/or injury. • Make sure that all clamps, guards, and heat shields are installed correctly to prevent vibration, rubbing against other parts, and excessive heat during operation. • Do not allow hot oil to come into contact with skin, as it can cause severe burning and/or personal injury.

48. Safety: Hoses, Lines, & Tubes (cont.) • Before equipment start-up, check all lines, hoses and tubes for the following: • 1.) End fittings damaged, leaking, or displaced • 2.) Outer covering chafed or cut, and/or broken wires • 3.) Outer covering ballooning locally • 4.) Evidence of kinking or crushing

49. Safety: Fire or Explosion Prevention • All fuels, most lubricants, hydraulic oil, and some coolant mixtures are flammable. Diesel fuel & gasoline are obviously flammable. Mixing diesel and gasoline can be EXTREMELY explosive. • Do not weld or flame-cut on pipes or tubes that contain flammable fluids. Clean them thoroughly with nonflammable solvent before working on them. • Clean and tighten all electrical connections. Check regularly for loose or frayed electrical wires. Refer to maintenance schedules for intervals. Replace, repair, and / or tighten all loose or frayed electrical wires prior to equipment start-up. • Wiring must be kept in good condition, properly routed, and firmly attached. Routinely inspect wiring for wear or deterioration. All wires and cables must be of the recommended gauge and fused. • Always have a fire extinguisher available. Keep it inspected & serviced

50. Safety: Crushing or Cutting Prevention • Make sure equipment and attachments are properly supported when working underneath them. • NEVER attempt adjustments while the engine is running unless otherwise specified in the equipment manual. • Stay clear of all rotating and moving parts. Guards should be in place whenever maintenance is not being performed. • Keep hands away from all hydraulic clamps once equipment is turned on. • Keep objects away from fan blades. They will throw or cut any object or tool that falls or is pushed into them. • Wear protective glasses when striking objects to avoid eye injury • Wear hearing protection while equipment is in operation.